Drug Use and Abuse Final Exam --- MSSTATE Fall 2019 Dr. Campbell

Respiratory system

long term effect of cannabis on the ______ ______ is the alteration of proper functioning; however, much of this impairment is reversed following abstinence of marijuana

Tardive dyskinesia is most characterized by __________.

repetitive involuntary movements of the mouth and tongue

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the biopsychosocial model of alcohol use disorder?

there is only one specific gene associated with developing alcohol use disorder

Which of the following drugs is the most potent pain reliever?

fentanyl

Infant whose mothers were addicted to cocaine during pregnancy ______.

experience short-term neurological problems after birth

which of the following list routes of administration from quickest to longest time before effects are experienced?

inhalation, sublingual, oral

inhalation, intravenous, oral

Tolerance may develop to some effects of a drug but not to others

true

__________ are those drugs that affect moods, thinking, and behavior

psychoactive drugs

buprenorphine

partial opioid agonist

Drug

any chemical entity or mixture of entities, not required for the maintenance of health, but that alters biological function or structure when administered

1

2

the presence of food in the stomach ______ absorption and _______ the amount of the drug in one's blood at any one time for orally administered drugs

delays;decreases

Pharmacology

scientific study of drugs; concerned with all information about the effects of drugs on living systems

alcohol

depressant

Which of the following accurately describes the influence that age has on drug effects?

children and the elderly are more susceptible to a drug's effects

sam repeatedly struggles to get to work on time on mondays because of his substance use over the weekend. he takes prescription pills in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms when he is at work. sam often plans to go out on friday after work for just a few hours but usually does not get home until midnight or later. which level of abuse best fits sam?

substance use disorder

The stimulants known as "bath salts" are synthetic drugs similar to an active ingredient in ____.

khat leaves

Opioids act by mimicking which neurotransmitter system?

endorphine

According to the NSDUH, heavy drinking is defined as:

binge drinking five or more times a month

Cardiovascular system

there is no evidence that deleterious effects occur on the ________ ______ among healthy individuals; however, potentially dangerous for existing problems

Research has demonstrated a link between depression and atrophy and cell loss in the ___________.

hippocampus

3

4

Psychoactive drugs

drugs that effect the central nervous system-effect mood, thinking, and behavior

ambien/zolpidem

depressant-sleep (nonbenzo/nonbarb)

in order for someone to meet the criteria for the DMI-5 substance use disorder,

2 criteria have to be met during a 12-month time period

Sensation-seeking is

a personality characteristic that is associated with more frequent and varied substance use

_______ is a term that refers to the reduced effect of a drug when another drug is present

antagonism

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between stimulant drugs and performance?

they increase resistance to fatigue and boredom

____ is used for the treatment of an overdose of opioids.

Naloxone (Narcan)

The danger of extreme alcohol withdrawal symptoms lasts _____.

from 12 hours to 10 days

All of the following are antidepressants except ________

Thorazine

Cocaine

hydrochloride, "crack", freebasee

Immune system

there is no significant long-term threat posed on the _______ ________; however, marijuana can decrease resistance to some viruses and bacteria

which of the following is FALSE?

the dose-effect curve for all drugs is an S shape indicating there is a larger effect as the dose increases

Drug(substance) abuse

any use of drugs that causes physical, psychological, legal, or social harm to the individual user or to others affected by the drug user's behavior

amphetamine

stimulant

according to the 2016 national survey on drug and health, about _________ of people report having used alcohol in the past year.

65%

Some of the effects of alcohol are greater when blood alcohol level is rising than when blood alcohol level is declining. This is called ________ .

acute tolerance

Which of the following is NOT paired correctly?

Wellbutrin - Antipsychotic

Cocaine first became an abuse problem in the

1880s

Which of the following can be an effect of chronic heavy drinking?

problems in sexual functioning

heart problems

decreased immune system functioning

Reproductive system

long term effects of cannabis that is disruption of functioning in both males and females, as well as possible teratogenic effects

Amphetamines

group of drugs including similar but slightly different chemical structure, including methamphetamine, "speed", "meth", "ice"

Heroin is used via which routes of administration?

smoking

injecting

snorting

______ means that the rate at which a drug is metabolized is independent of its concentration i n the blood.

zero-order kinetics

Drug classification categories

origin(plant/synthetic), therapeutic use, site of action, mechanism of action, street name, chemical structure

ativan

depressant (benzodiazepine)

according to the 2016 national survey on drug use and health, _______ is the most commonly used illicit drug

marijuana/hashish

The cell adaptation-homeostasis theory of drug tolerance is most helpful in explaining __________ tolerance.

protracted

Which of the following are side effects of methamphetamine abuse:

deterioration of the teeth.

depression

damage to dopamine pathways in the brain

Opioid withdrawal symptoms are best characterized as __________.

flu-like in nature

Which of the following is/are true regarding alcohol?

cross tolerance occurs with other depressants

Effectiveness of antipsychotics are associated with the impact on ________ activity.

dopamine

Related stimulants

methylphenidate(Ritalin), diet pills

Apothecary

term for a pharmacist

metabolites of some drugs cause unwanted side effects, while those of others cause desired side effects

true

Systems of drug classification

stimulants, depressants, opiates, Hallucinogens

atropine

anticholinergic hallucinogen

withdrawal symptoms of an addictive drug are the opposite of the drug's effects

true

Genetics influences _____

Initial sensitivity to drugs

metabolism of drugs

Tea pad

place where people gathered to smoke marijuana

Cocaine is obtained from the leaves of __________.

coca

What is the main difference between morphine and heroin?

Heroin more readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier.

According to the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, about __________ of the United States sample reported heavy alcohol use in the month preceding the interview.

.6%

Which of the following are antipsychotics?

Clozaril, Risperdal, Zyprexa

Plant stimulants

khat, betel nut, yohimbe

a drug that is taken sublingually is

placed under the tongue

Stimulants

heightened mood, increase alertness, and decrease fatigue(cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine, caffeine)

bath salts

stimulant (similar to synthetic cathinone from khat)

the field of ______ is concerned with all information about the effects of drugs on living systems

pharmacology

The _________ is a set of ethical guidelines established after WWII to prevent human rights abuse in biomedical research.

Nuremberg Code

Antipsychotic medications influence the positive symptoms more than the negative ones t/c

t

Which of the following is/are true about the withdrawal effects of cocaine and amphetamines.

the withdrawal effects include depression, inability to experience pleasure, lack of energy, and increased appetite

Which of the following is NOT a standard drink?

12oz wine

Joint

hand-rolled marijuana cigarette

Synthetic cathinones

aka bath salts; mephedrone, methylone, MDPV

Opium comes from the __________.

poppy

once in the blood-stream, orally administered drugs pass though the ________ before reaching the brain

liver

Depressants

decrease central nervous system activity(alcohol, Xanax, other antianxiety stuff)

bupropion

smoking cessation-antidepressant (used for smoking cessation)

______ refers to the general occurrence of an event, usually expressed in terms of percentage of some population ; ________ refers to the number of the first occurrences of an event.

prevalence, incidence

If an individual needs to drink 6 beers in order to achieve the same effect that he/she used to experience with 3 beers, this is an example of ____ tolerance.

protracted

____ is an active ingredient in Khat.

Cathinone

Which of the following is NOT a common opioid effect?

respiratory depression

lowered body temperature

pupil constriction

Which neurotransmitter activity does alcohol affect?

GABA

serotonin

dopamine

Which of the following is a current nonbenzodiazepine medication prescribed for sleep?

Lunesta

Caffeine

coffee, tea, soft drinks, OTC meds

Bong

method of smoking marijuana using water pipes

the ________ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism, the ________ is the most important organ for excretion of drugs and their metabolites

liver, kidneys

Opiates

pain relief and euphoria(heroin, morphine, oxycontin, Percocet)

BuSpar/buspirone

antianxiety (not depressant-nonbenzo/nonbarb)

which of the following is true?

substance induced disorders include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sexual disorders, and sleep disorders

Which of the following is an example of what could become conditioned stimuli associated with substance use?

all of these

a syringe

a bar

a drinking buddy

Blunt

cigar that is emptied of tobacco and refilled with marijuana

Psychosis as a result of high dose of cocaine resembles the symptoms of ________.

paranoid schizophrenia

The rise in illegal use of prescription opioids in the later 1990s and early 2000s was largely related to what drug?

OxyContin®

Slower absorption of alcohol is associated with

eating before or while drinking

drinking milk

A decision about use of psychotherapeutic medication during pregnancy is based on a consideration of both the mother and the unborn child. t/f

t

Nicotine

cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco

Hallucinogens

aka psychedelics; alter perceptions and states of consciousness (LSD, Ketamine)