Easier study guide to follow exam 1

Lightner Witmer

established the first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania in 1896 and coined the term ‘clinical psychology’, laying the groundwork for the profession

Training models

the boulder model (ph.d) and vail model (psy.d)

Boulder model (ph.d)

emphasizes both science and practice (scientist-practitioner)

Vail model (psy.d)

places primary emphasis on clinical service delivery and practice rather than empirical research

Limits of confidentiality

psychologists are legally and ethically required to breach confidentiality under specific circumstances; such as imminent danger of self-harm, child abuse, or a duty to warn an identifiable third party of threatened violence (the Tarasoff rule)

Efficacy v.

Effectiveness

Efficacy

evaluates therapy under highly controlled, idealized research settings with high internal validity

Effectiveness

evaluates therapy in real-world clinical settings with high external validity

Quasi-experimental limitations

lack random assignment of participants, which introduces potential confounding variables

Meta-analysis

a statistical method used to combine and integrate multiple independent research studies to calculate an overall effect size

Interviewing microskills

paraphrasing involves restating the cognitive meaning of a clients comments, whereas reflection of feeling focuses explicitly on underlying emotional tone

Multiple relationships

unethical dual or multiple roles occur when a psychologist maintains a professional relationship while concurrently holding another significant relationship with that client or someone close to them

Mental Status Exam (MSE)

a standardized evaluation of a clients current cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning at a specific point in time