ANAT Lab - Cell and Cell Divison

plasma membrane

boundary composed of a double layer of phospholipids

proteins

amino acids that the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues

cholesterol

fatty substance that strengthens membrane

glycocalyx

carbs that participate in cell-cell recognition

microvilli

numerous tiny thin plasma membrane folds that increase membrane surface area for inc absorption or secretion

cilia

larger hairlike projections that move substances over cell surface

mitochondria

makes atp, contains dna from mom

ribosomes

used for protein synthesis

free ribosomes

ribosomes that make protein for the cell itself found in the cytosol

ribosomes attached to the ER

ribosomes that make proteins for export/other cells

rough endoplasmic reticulum

synthesizes and distributes proteins

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

synthesizes lipids, especially steroid hormones, detoxifies drugs and alcohol

lysosomes

spherical organelles containing digestive enzymes

tay sachs disease

lysosomes missing or dysfunctional; buildup of wastes; dead by 4-6

centrioles

rod shaped structures involved in cell division

golgi apparatus

flat sacs packed closely together; proteins and lipids prepared here to use someplace else

nucleus

contains DNA, when not dividing DNA is in the form of chromatin

nucleolus

only found in some cells. makes subunits that form ribosomes

mitosis

cell division for somatic cells

meiosis

cell division for sex cells

interphase

stage in cell division where dna replicates, and cell is not dividing

prophase

stage in cell division where dna condenses into chromosomes, centrioles move to opposite ends, spindle fibers form, nuclear envelop breaks down

metaphase

stage in cell divison where chromosomes line along the center, spindles extend from centrioles

anaphase

stage in cell division spindles split apart the sister chromatids, pulled to opposite ends, each chromatid now are single chromosomes

telophase

stage in cell division where the nuclear envelope reforms in each developing cell, cleavage furrow develops, cytokinesis begins

cytokinesis

division of cytoplasm after mitosis