OCTH 6065 Child Development Midterm Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Modules 1 through 5 of OCTH 6065 Child Development Midterm Study Guide, including family-centered care, motor milestones, primitive reflexes, lactation, and feeding transitions.

Intentional Relationship Model (IRM)

A framework describing the deliberate therapeutic use of self by adapting interpersonal behavior to the child, caregiver, and therapeutic event.

Advocating Mode

A therapeutic mode that focuses on protecting rights, supporting access, and removing participation barriers.

Collaborating Mode

A therapeutic mode characterized by shared decision-making and co-creating goals and solutions with the family.

Empathizing Mode

A therapeutic mode dedicated to acknowledging and validating client and caregiver feelings and perspectives.

Encouraging Mode

A therapeutic mode aimed at building confidence, hope, and motivation in the child and caregiver.

Instructing Mode

A therapeutic mode that involves explaining, demonstrating, and providing clear guidance.

Problem-solving Mode

A therapeutic mode that focuses on analyzing a difficulty and generating practical options.

Mindful Empathy

Noticing and understanding another person's emotion while remaining aware of personal responses and maintaining sound clinical judgment.

Cultural Humility

Lifelong self-reflection, openness to learning from families, and ongoing attention to power differences.

Cultural Competence

The practice of building knowledge and skills across cultures, distinct from assuming mastery over another family's lived experience.

Implicit Bias

Automatic assumptions that may unintentionally influence clinical evaluation, goal selection, or caregiver relationships.

Occupational Justice

An aspect of practice that addresses unfair restrictions on an individual's or family's participation in meaningful occupations.

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)

Conditions such as housing, transportation, income, food security, education, healthcare access, and neighborhood safety that influence health and daily occupations.

Caregiver Coaching Cycle

A collaborative early intervention process that builds caregiver competence through joint planning, observation, action/practice, reflection, feedback, and next plan.

Crawling

A broad term for moving across the floor, used by some sources specifically to indicate belly crawling.

Creeping

Locomotion on hands and knees with the infant's belly lifted off the surface.

Cruising

Stepping sideways while maintaining balance and weight bearing through support from furniture.

High Guard

A posture in new walkers characterized by arms held elevated and abducted to assist with balance alongside a wide base of support.

Corrected Age

Chronological age adjusted for prematurity, calculated as $\text{Corrected Age} = \text{chronological age} - \text{time born before 40 weeks}$.

Primitive Reflexes

Early automatic motor responses that are prominent in early infancy and diminish in dominance as voluntary motor and postural control emerge.

Reflex Integration

The developmental process wherein early automatic motor patterns decrease in dominance as voluntary movement and postural control develop.

Rooting Reflex

A reflex stimulated by touching the cheek or corner of the mouth, causing the infant to turn the head and open the mouth; diminishes around 3 to 4 months.

Moro Reflex

A reflex triggered by a sudden positional or sensory change that produces arm abduction and extension followed by flexion; diminishes around 4 to 6 months.

Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)

A reflex where turning the head causes the face-side limbs to extend and the skull-side limbs to flex; diminishes around 4 to 6 months.

Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)

A reflex where neck flexion prompts arm flexion and leg extension, while neck extension prompts arm extension and leg flexion; diminishes around 9 to 12 months.

Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)

A reflex where head position relative to gravity influences overall flexor or extensor tone, typically diminishing around 6 months of age.

Landau Reflex

A response elicited by prone suspension that produces extension of the head, trunk, and legs; emerges around 3 to 4 months and diminishes in the second year.

Righting Reaction

A postural reaction that functions to restore or maintain head and body alignment in space.

Equilibrium Reaction

A postural reaction that makes ongoing motor adjustments across the body when balance shifts.

Protective Extension

A postural response involving the extension of limbs to prevent or break a fall, sequentially emerging forward, sideways, and backward.

Colostrum

Concentrated milk produced from birth through the early days that delivers immune-protective components in small amounts.

Transitional Milk

Milk produced from approximately days 2 to 5 until around 2 weeks postpartum, marked by increasing volume and compositional shifts.

Mature Milk

Milk established from approximately 2 weeks onward that provides ongoing hydration, nutrition, and caloric energy.

Prolactin

The hormone responsible for stimulating and supporting milk production.

Oxytocin

The hormone that triggers milk ejection or letdown through the contraction of myoepithelial cells.

Nutritive Sucking

A rhythmic sucking pattern designed to transfer milk that requires coordinated suck-swallow-breathe sequencing.

Non-nutritive Sucking

Rhythmic sucking without substantial milk transfer that promotes state regulation, soothing, and oral-motor practice.

Early Feeding Skills (EFS) Tool

A clinical assessment tool evaluating infant feeding readiness, respiratory regulation, oral-motor function, swallowing coordination, and engagement.

Oral Preparatory Phase

The primarily voluntary phase of swallowing where food is accepted into the mouth, chewed, mixed with saliva, and formed into a cohesive bolus.

Oral Propulsive Phase

The primarily voluntary phase of swallowing during which the tongue propels the prepared bolus posteriorly toward the pharynx.

Pharyngeal Phase

The primarily involuntary swallowing phase where the bolus passes through the pharynx while airway protection mechanisms are triggered.

Esophageal Phase

The involuntary swallowing phase during which coordinated peristaltic waves transport the bolus through the esophagus into the stomach.

Aspiration

The entry of food, liquid, or secretions into the airway below the level of the true vocal folds, which may be overt or silent.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

The retrograde movement of acidic gastric contents from the stomach back into the esophagus, causing discomfort, regurgitation, or medical complications.