tarihvize

*Explain. Idea of a republic.

→ Rejection of Monarchy

→ Elective governmental system

→ Separation of Powers: Authority was divided into three distinct branches—Executive, Legislative, and Judicial

→ Written Constitution:: people know the government's powers and

their own duties

virtues:

→ Personal liberty

→ equality of opportunity

→ social cohesion

→ the rule of law.

*Declaration of Independence date and writer.

importances…

4 July 1776 - Thomas Jeferson

importances:

• the first time → United States of America

• 13 colonies → free, soverign, independent state (full rights to levy war, contract alliances, and establish commerce=

(1) Introduction: why they separate; (2) Preamble: equal rights, government by consent, right to

dissolve a government that fails its duties; (3) List of grievances against the king.

what is an american citizen?

What people rejected: monarchy, luxury, corruption, inherited privilege, aristocracy, poverty.

What they wanted: elected government, liberty, equality, social unity.

Contradictions::

→ A 'republican aristocracy' still existed. (White Anglo-Saxon Protestant)

→ Women and Black people could rarely own property, so they were excluded.

→

• virtuous: no corroption!

• patriot: loving country and not controlled by others.

• Property owner: source of independence

• equal ::

**restrict authortity, justified the separation of powers, create election system

***First constitution in the usa ? ve içerikleri? eyaletler nasıl operate etti

Articles of Confederation

• weak national government → states operated like independent countries.

• No National Standing Army

• No president. No Executive Branch.

• No power to tax.

• No legal mechanism

*Anti-Federalist Pressure created ……………..

The Bill of Rights (1791)

James Madison

The Constitution(1787) protected the government but not individuals or states. They agreed to ratify if rights were added.

Who was covered? 'The people' meant land-owning white men

The problems of the Articles of Confedaration created (act) ‘‘……………..’’

1787 Constitution

içerik::

stronger federal government,

three branches,

checks and balances.

***Social and Economic Effects of the Revolution

→ Western Lands & Statehood: Western lands become territories; a territory could join as a state at 60,000 people.

→ Economy: Some loyalists left. Exports fell, the South suffered most, the economy recovered in the 1780s; trade between states led to demand for roads and canals.

→ Family:: primogeniture repealed; love marriage instead of arranged marriage.

→ Work:: Master-apprentice bond became a business relationship.

→ Social Titles:: servants called themselves 'helps' rather than servants, and commoners adopted titles like 'Mr.' and 'Mrs.'

**First voyage’s date, who and for what? colombus’s justifications

1492 - Colombus - It is india!

Gold, mine, spice.

Find → western sea route. (ottomans blocked the old routes)

Colombus says emperor to justify his voyage :: forest, mine, innamurable people

starts Spanish conquest

The America’s Name comes from…

Amerigo Vespucci:: This is a new world.

İngiltere neden ispanya gibi erken dünyaya ilgi duymadı?

Cabot found Newfoundland etc. but neither crown nor private business cared, except fishermen. Land seen as wild and uncivilized.

Land seen as wild and uncivilized.

England turns toward America, why? Reasons. yeni dünyaya kimler gitti?

→ Antwerp Cloth Crash created need money.

→ Religion:: Protestanism. Alliance with France againist Catholic Spain. compotituion

→ Primogeniture and unemployment (younger sons - the poor, criminals)

The first english colony? Facia neden yaşandı? Sonuçları

RO an o ke (roanoke, virginia) the lost colony.

• Colomb letters created delusion and misdirection for English Explorers. They expected easy gold and food. They did not prepare. (hazırlıksız yakalandılar)

• spain-england war delayed supportings. (savaş)

• charted companies stopped supplies when no wealth appeared. (charted com)

• → starvation, disease, native attack. the lost colony.

English Solutions to the Problems in the New World (3 ana çözüm)

• Magazine. Companies opened magazines-stores. Clothes, tools, basic needs. → It solved logistics crisis.

• Gave settlers the right to run their own private plantations.

• Send brides with dowries → a men would settle, work harder.

***Spain vs England Colonizations (economy,religion,authority)

economy

reasons: gold,silver,spice.

Rich-Fertile South America make Spain wealthy.

reasons:: Antwerp Cloth Crash. → needed money. // Primogeniture and unemployment.

The crown gave no money. → Merchants - Companies.

religion

spain→ catholic mission england → Dissenters like Puritians came for religios freedom.

authority::

spain → strong, organized rule. england → companies are in

• settlers obeyed. the army sent. charge. *self government

a s ……………………………………..

****What was the Mayflower Compact and why is it important?

****dünyaya katkıları ne oldu?

first social contract for self-government in the New World. (Non-pilgrims - Strangers)

The Mayflower Compact laid the foundations for self-government, government by consent, and modern American democracy. (voting-just church members, town assemblies)

***Pilgrims vs Puritians (ingiltere kilisesine olan tutumları, önemli mirasları, sayıları ne kadardı, liderlerinin isimleri , etkili oldukları yerler.

tutum: leave church of england (pilgrims) reform/purify coe from within.(puritian)

miras::

pilgrims → mayflower compact , families and strangers

puritians → protestant work - ethic, wasp class, the great migration ,

church based vote.

BRADFORD WINTHROP (pur)

Native towards to land

‘‘inherit from ancestors’’ and ‘‘protected future generations

‘‘colectivelly’’

‘‘war’’ = it is not to destory the enemy - completely

ilk başarılı İngiliz kolonisi? Company ismi? Bu company ne yapardı? The crown bunlara ne yaptı

Jamestown - Virginia Company → tobacco, headright system.

Company collapsed, the crown take over it. → Royal Colony oldu. Elected assembly with a governor and council. (ingiltere savaş borcundan bu tek başına takılan kişileri darlayacak.

***first elected legislative asembly in the new world?

Jamestown

House of Burgessses → self governence, independence

Chattel Slavery nedir?

slaves were defined as property (chattel), not human beings

Chattel slavery was a system in which people were treated as property and could be bought and sold.

• children automaticly became slaves through the mother’s line.

• punishment is arbitrary and common.

• mixed marriage forbidden .

***Britain wins but has a huge debt? Which war? Result? The policy name?

The French and Indian War (1754–1763)

Salutary Neglect

Britian won but wants taxes and control on the colonies . +++trade laws, taxes.

ingilizlerin işler bozulmadan önce, kolonilere uyguladıkları potlitikanın ismi nedir?

Salutary Neglect.

English Acts ve Resistance

Sugar Act::

duties on sugar, molasses.

stop smuggling.

expanded the use of search warrants.

only export! british ports!!

Stamp Act:

Colonists protested and boycotted British goods. Britain repealed the Stamp Act.

→ no taxation without representation, sons of liberty, join or die snake,

Taxed on all printed materials.

***Stamp Act repealed but passed ………….. which saying …..

Declaratory Act

Full Legislative Power/Authority over the colonies.

Massacre? What happened?

BOSTON

→Colonist Protesters threw objects at British soldiers. The soldiers opened fire and killed five colonists.

denize çay dökme işinin adı, ne oldu?

Tea Act = east india company gets tea privilege.

• Patriots disguised as Indians dump tons of tea into the sea

After tea party …….. imposed

Coercive Acts

• Boston port closed

• council appointed by the royal governor.

• property can be seized.

• freedom of worship catholics

→>

***Representations

virtual:

no election.

colonist are believed by the british to be represented

distant government (ignored petitions vb)

actual:

election

representatives must live in the locality.

proportion to population.

*****Explain city upon a hill

+Colonists saw themselves as a chosen people who must set an example.

+Puritians viewed North America as a sacred land promised by god.

(the promised land and divine mission)

+divine mission → they were establishing holy, flawless model for the entire world.

modern effect → American Exceptionalism:: ‘‘America is unique, untouchable and morally superior.

‘‘spreading democracy and freedom’’ and ‘‘justify global interventions.

First Continental Congress de ne oldu ne bitti? Kim katıldı? Ne kararlar alındı?

Twelve colonies met. (georgia)

‘‘the king's 'most loyal subjects'‘ → no intention to separate

peaceful , economic protests.

Second Continental Congress (1775–1781) ne dendi, krala ne yapıldı? ne tür kararlar alındı?

declaration of the causes and necessities but OLİVE BRANCH PETİTİON rejected and angered

• continental army. army is appointed by George Washington.

• printing money

the first formal battle of the American Revolution?

Battle of Bunkerhill.

British won but suffered heavy causualities.

Explain unequlitities war

American advantage → knowledge of the land, French help

British Logistics and communication problems, Britian’s wars elsewhere

Alliences who and why? native americans savaşta kimin yanında yer aldı?

France, Spain to seek revenge for their defeat in the seven years war.

Many stayed neutral, some supported Britian (britian protected native lands from colonist)

Barış anlaşması? Figürler? Result?

Treaty of Paris (1783) Franklin, Adams and Jay

they found that France was secretly talking to Britain, so they negotiated with Britain alone, against Congress's instructions.

→ Britain recognized independence.

→ gave more generous boundaries than France and Spain had

expected.