guns, and such
two things’ humans can’t fuck up are…
1.fracture matching (paper, glass, fibers ,etc)
2.DNA
what do you need to find someone as a suspect for a crime?
1.fingerprint
2.DNA
3.Cameras
What is the value of physical evidence?
1.crime scene reconstruction
2.investigate lead
3.criminal trials
4.serial criminals
exculpatory evidence:
defendant is NOT guilty
inculpatory evidence
defendant is guilty
primary categories of physical evidence:
1.drugs
2.fingerprints
3.documents
4.trace
5.biological tissue'
6.firearms
7.fracture matches
radical
conchoidal
concentric
will a radical fracture stop when in contact with another radical fracture?
YES
class evidence:
hair color, skin color, type of blood, color of car, etc
individual evidence:
wear patterns on shoes, DNA, Fingerprints
unknowns:
everything at a crime scene is unknown
exemplars or knowns
DNA from victim to test other DNA against it
controls:
identify false positives and test DNA against a blank test
reference standards:
helps narrow down information
IAFS:
integrated automated fingerprint indenfication system (criminal and civil collection)
AFIS:
automated fingerprint identification system (for searching an area, criminal and non-criminal fingerprints, scheduled comparions)
CODIS:
Combined DNA index system (convicted offender index, forensic index, and scheduled comparisons)
NIBIN:
national integrated ballistics information network
maintained by ATFE
contains information (projectiles and bullets)
scheduled comparisons
T/F: you can use metal tweezers for shell casings?
FALSE
What materials are used to catch bullets because it preserves it well?
Water, Cotton, Ballistics Gel
point data query:
maintained by the royal Canadian mounted police (RCMP)
Samples of paint composites
case files'
domestic and forensics manufactures'
what are damaged bullets
class
what are striations on whole bullets?
individual
glass evidence database:
700 samples of glass, from junkyards, distributions, and manufactures
can’t determine source of glass but similar characteristics that could lead to source
Treadmarks:
compare shoe impressions, data from scene and suspects
comparison, wear damage (individual), size(class), pattern of points comparison
Forensic information system for handwriting (FISH)
scan and digitize handwriting
characteristics plotted and compared against existing samples