Biology circulation

What is the circulatory system made up of

The heart blood vessels and blood

What are the functions of the circulatory system

Transport of substances

Protection-white blood cells and antibodies

Temperature control-helps maintain body temperature

Define double circulation

Blood passes through the heart twice on one journey around the body

Blood flow through the heart

Vena cava→ right atrium→ right ventricle→ pulmonary artery→ lungs→ pulmonary vein→ left atrium→ left ventricle→aorta

Right atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from vena cava

Right ventricle

Pumps blood to lungs via pulmonary artery

Left atrium

Recieves oxygenated blood from pulmonary vein

Left ventricle

Pumps blood to body via aorta

What do the heart valves do

prevent backflow of blood

Close when pressure changes

Which side of the heart is thicker and why

The left side is thicker because it has to pump blood around the whole body

Which side carries oxygenated blood

The left side

Which side carries deoxygenated blood

The right side

What component of blood is this

red blood cell

What component is this

Phagocyte

What component is this

Lymphocytes

What component is this

Platelets

What component of your blood is liquid

Plasma

Describe red blood cells

Have no nucleus(So more oxygen can attach)

Contain a red pigment called haemoglobin (Hb.)

Are biconcave to increase the surface area

Whats the function of red blood cells

To carry oxygen from lungs to body cells

Describe phagocytes

Have a lobed nucleus

Function of phagocytes

Eats and digests bacteria

Describe lymphocytes

Large kidney shaped nucleus

Function of lymphocytes

Produce antibodies

Describe platelets

They are fragments of old dead cells

Function of platelets

To clot blood to stop blood loss and infections

Describe plasma

The liquid part of your blood

Function of plasma

Used to transport: blood cells, oxygen, minerals, CO2, glucose, vitamins

describe an artery

Very small lumen

Thick wall of muscle and elastic fibres

Elastic fibres stretch to allow blood to go through

Function of arteries

Carries blood away from the heart and towards organs ( pulmonary artery only exception)

Carries high pressure oxygenated blood

Describe veins

veins have valves (To stop Backflow)

Large lumen

Thin wall of muscle and few elastic fibres

Function of veins

Carries blood towards the heart

Carries deoxygenated blood

Low pressure blood (No pulse)

Describe capillaries

Very thin

One cell thick lining

No muscle and elastic fibres

Function of capillaries

Thin walls- oxygen will diffuse out through the walls and carbon dioxide will diffuse in

carries oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood

Connect arteries and veins

Why does your heart rate increase during exercise?

your active muscles need a greater supply of oxygen and nutrients to produce energy, and your heart must pump faster to deliver them

what happens in a heart attack

Over time, fatty deposits and cholesterol (called plaque) build up inside the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart/ blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is suddenly blocked

Artery=

Away

Bone marrow

makes red blood cells

Why do babies go blue after birth

the narrowed pulmonary artery means less oxygen rich blood can reach the lungs

deoxygenated blood mixes with oxygenated blood in the heart (There is a hole in between the two ventricles)

This reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood going to the rest of the body so the skin and lips fingers or feet can be blue

Why is the right side of the heart muscle is much thicker than it usually is?

The right ventricle has to work harder than normal because it is pumping blood through a pulmonary

Why do babies have a faster breathing rate than normal babies?

They’re not getting enough oxygen, so they breathe more to take in more oxygen

Define Tetralogy of fallot

a rare heart condition present at birth (congenital) that affects how blood flows through the heart and out to the rest of the body