HPE Exam

Cell

The smallest functional unit of a living being.

Protoplasm

The jelly-like material that is the body of the cell.

Nucleus

The life center inside the body of the cell.

Tissue

A group of cells having similar characteristics and functions.

Organ system

A group of organs having a specific function.

Nervous System

The system that receives sensations from the environment and coordinates body functions.

Neurones

Nerve cells that make up the nervous tissue.

Sensory Nerves (Afferent Nerves)

Nerves that receive stimuli and transmit impulses to the central nervous system.

Motor Nerves (Efferent Nerves)

Nerves that transmit impulses from the central nervous system to muscles or glands.

Central Nervous System

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System

The part of the nervous system consisting of cranial and spinal nerves.

Autonomic Nervous System

The system that controls automatic body functions.

Exocrine Glands

Glands that secrete substances through ducts (e.g., salivary glands).

Endocrine Glands

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Hormones

Chemical messengers produced by glands that regulate various functions in the body.

Testes

The male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone.

Ovaries

The female reproductive organs that produce ova and hormones.

Menstruation

The monthly discharge of blood from the uterus in females.

Fertilization

The process of fusion between sperm and ovum to form a zygote.

Reproductive System

The system responsible for producing offspring.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in the body.