Zenith Bank Aptitude Test Preparation - Critical and Verbal Reasoning Vocabulary

Vocabulary and definition flashcards based on the reading passages, critical reasoning scenarios, and verbal comprehension texts from the Zenith Bank Aptitude Test study material.

Prions

Infectious protein structures (short for proteinaceous infectious particle) that replicate through the conversion of normal host proteins of the same type and cause fatal, untreatable diseases affecting brain tissue.

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs)

A group of fatal and untreatable neurodegenerative diseases caused by prions that alter brain tissue structure, including scrapie in sheep, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).

Nuclear Fission

A process in nuclear physics where the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei (fission products) and by-product particles such as free neutrons, photons (gamma rays), and alpha or beta particles, releasing usable energy.

Elemental Transmutation

The transformation of one chemical element into another, occurring as a result of processes such as nuclear fission when an atomic nucleus splits into smaller nuclei.

Etruscan Civilization

The culture and society of an ancient Italian people called Etrusci by Romans and Tyrrhenoi by Greeks, which flourished in three confederacies (Etruria, Po valley, and Latium/Campania) before assimilating into Roman culture.

Rasenna

The autonym (name used for themselves, also syncopated to Rasna) used by the ancient Etruscan people.

Negligence

A civil wrong (tort) established in court if a party fails to exercise the standard of care of a reasonable person, consisting of five criteria: Duty of care, Breach, Injury, Cause in Fact, and Legal Cause.

Cause in Fact

A legal criterion in tort law where the defendant's conduct is shown to have directly caused the plaintiff's injury, decided as a matter of fact by a jury.

Legal Cause (Proximate Cause)

A criterion in negligence law determined as a matter of fact, conceived as the foreseeability of the type of injury caused rather than the specific injury or extent of harm sustained.

Metallurgy

The branch of science and engineering concerned with producing metallic components for consumer or engineering products, involving alloy production, shaping, heat treatment, and surface finishing.

Steel

A low-cost, high-strength alloy consisting of purified iron containing dissolved carbon, commonly used where weight and corrosion resistance are not primary constraints.

Due Diligence

A financial and legal investigation and research process conducted prior to an investment, takeover, or business partnership to evaluate background records, corporate filings, liabilities, assets, and solvency.

Precision Bass

An electric bass guitar introduced by Leo Fender in 1951 (the "P-Bass") that replaced the unamplified "stand-up" contrabass and revolutionized popular music and jazz.

Battle of Agincourt

A major conflict of the Hundred Years' War fought on 25 October 1415 (Saint Crispin's Day) in northern France, where King Henry V's English forces defeated the French army using the English longbow.

Crotalidae

A family of venomous pit vipers native to the United States that includes rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths, accounting for virtually all venomous snake bites in the country.

Elapidae

A family of venomous snakes native to the United States, including two species of coral snakes found chiefly in Southern states, characterized by short teeth, small mouths, and neurotoxic venom.

Firn

An intermediate granular state between snow and glacial ice that forms after about two winters when accumulated, compressed snow grains re-crystallize and become denser.

Trespass

The act of entering someone else's land or property without permission from the owner or lessee; it functions both as a civil tort eligible for damages and, in certain jurisdictions, as a criminal offense.

Licensees

Persons granted express permission by a property occupier or owner to enter a premises, whom the law recognizes as non-trespassers.

Invitees

Individuals who possess a statutory or legal right to enter a premises (such as meter readers, postal carriers, or traveling salespersons) and cannot be treated as trespassers under law.

Power of Attorney

A legal authorization in common law systems granting one party (the agent or attorney-in-fact) the fiduciary power to act on another party's (the principal or grantor's) behalf in business or legal matters.

Mandate

The civil law terminology for a legal power of attorney granting an agent authorization to represent and act on someone else's behalf.

Attorney-in-Fact

The designated agent authorized under a written or verbal power of attorney to execute legal instruments, sign documents, and act as a fiduciary in the principal's name.

Capital Gains

Profits realized from the appreciation and disposal of capital assets (such as selling shares), which may be taxed either upon realization or as accrued value.