AP World History Land-Based Empires: Power, Religion, and Governance

What is the jizya?

A tax on non-Muslims, also considered second-class citizens in Islamic empires.

What was the Devshirme system?

A system where Christian boys were recruited to serve in the Ottoman military as Janissary soldiers.

What significant event occurred in 1453 regarding the Ottoman Empire?

The Ottomans defeated Constantinople, which became Istanbul.

How did the Ottomans view Shi'a groups?

They made them an enemy or considered them 'less than' due to religious differences.

Who were the notable rulers of the Mughal Empire?

Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb.

What is the significance of the Taj Mahal?

It is an example of monumental architecture from the Mughal Empire.

What was Akbar's approach to Hindu policies?

He was tolerant of most Hindu policies and created a new syncretic religion called 'Divine Faith.'

What is the Safavid Empire known for?

It was a Shi'a Muslim empire that also imposed the jizya tax.

What was a major characteristic of Russian governance?

Centralized leadership under the Tsar/Czar, such as Peter the Great.

What was the beard tax implemented by Peter the Great?

A tax imposed on men who wore beards, aimed at modernizing Russian society.

What role did Confucianism play in the Ming Dynasty?

It served as a continuity in Chinese governance and culture throughout history.

Who was Zheng He?

A Chinese explorer during the Ming Dynasty known for his maritime expeditions.

What agricultural technique was used by the Aztecs?

Chinampas, which were floating gardens used for farming.

What was the Inca mit'a system?

A system of cooperative work agreements to build infrastructure and projects.

How did empires legitimize and consolidate power?

Through central government, conquering new areas, art and architecture, and religion.

What are the 5 K's in Sikhism?

Five articles of faith that represent Sikh identity and beliefs.

What is a key belief of Sikhism?

It is a syncretic religion emphasizing one God and rejecting the socioeconomic caste system.

What is the significance of the Inca road systems?

They facilitated communication and trade across the geographically unique regions of the empire.