Practical 2 Structures

Nasal Cavities

Nasal Aperture

Dorsal Nasal Concha

Ventral Nasal Concha

Ethmoidal conchae

Nasal Septum

Dorsal nasal meatus

Middle nasal meatus

Ventral nasal meatus

Common nasal meatus

From top to bottom of the nasal meatuses

Frontal sinus

Nasopharynx

Trachea

Basihyoid bone

Epiglottis

Thryoid Cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

Vocal Folds

Glottis

Cricothyroid muscle

tense the vocal folds

cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle

Abduct the vocal folds

cricoarytenoideus lateralis muscle

adducts the vocal folds

thyroartyenoideus muscle

Relaxes the vocal folds

External Intercostal m

Internal Intercostal muscle

Costal Pleura

Section of parietal pleura that lines the inner surface of the chest wall

Diaphragmatic Pleura

Section of the parietal pleura that covers the upper surface of the diaphragm in the thoracic cavity

Pleural Cavity

Fluid filled space between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura

Mediastinal pleura

Central area of the chest cavity between the lungs and outlining the heart

Hilus of the lungs

Internal thoracic artery

Diaphragm

Cranial Lobe of Left Lobe

Caudal Lobe of Left Lung

Cranial Lobe of Right Lung

Caudal Lobe of Right Lung

Middle Lobe of Right lung

Accessory Lobe of Right Lung

Primary Bronchi

Carina

Where the lungs separate, and where they bifurcate

Frontal Bone

Cornual Process

ox

Ethmoid Bone

Infraorbital canal

Thyrohyoid Bone

C

Lingual Process

Choanae

Ethmoidal Meatuses

Horse and Ox

Ventral conchal sinus

Deeper magenta- Horse

Dorsal Conchal Sinus

Purple- Horse

Cornual Diverticulum

Sinus in the horn-Ox

sphenopalatine sinus

Continuous with green(horses only)

Rostral and Caudal maxillary

Horses(ox have one)

Conchofrontal sinus

Horse

Frontomaxillary aperture

Horse

Palatine Sinus

ox

Thyroid Notch

Horse

Nasopharynx

Pharynx

Connects the nasopharynx to the trachea

Ox lung

Horse Lung

larger, externally smooth and very little CT septa. Fewer external fissurations(separations), so the lobes are not obvious. There are fewer lobes

Tracheal Bronchus

Ox- A right sided structure

Cranial Vena Cava

1

brachiocephalic vv

Dog

External jugular vein

Subclavian veins

4

Azygos Vein

5

Aorta

3

Ascending aorta

Bottom part of the aorta

Aortic arch

Descending aorta

Right side

Brachiocephalic trunk

Left trunk

Bicarotid trunk

B- Horse and ox

Common corotid artery

On both sides

Subclavian artery

On both sides

Phrenic Nerve

12

Sympathetic trunk

11

Cervicothoracic ganglion

6

Ansa Subclavia

4 and 4’- dog

vagosympathetic trunk

1

Middle cervical ganglion

3- dog

Vagus nerves

Cervical Nerve

Ventral Vagal Trunk

9

Pericardial Sac

Black Circle

Parietal pericardium

Green

Fibrous pericardium

Yellow

Pleural Cupula

Red- extension of the parietal pleura through thoracic inlet

Pulmonary Ligament

Blue- Double layer of pleura that reflects off the mediastinum and onto the caudal loeb of the lungs, caudal to the hilus

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Green- potential space at the junction of the diaphragmatic and costal pleura, lungs don’t enter this space during normal breathing

Pleural Reflection

Reflection of the costal pleura onto the diaphragm, Sternum to 11th costochondral junction to dorsal part of the 13th rib. Caudal extent of the thoracic cavity

Costodiaphragmatic Recess

Green Line

Basal Border of the lung

Blue- 6th costochondral junction to middle of the 8th rib to dorsal end of the 11th intercostal space

Frontal Sinus

Green-Dog

Maxillary Recess Sinus

Yellow-Dog

Ventral Conchal Sinus

Horse- Communicates with rostral maxillary sinus

Nasomaxillary Apeture

Horse- Opening between maxillary sinuses and middle meatus of the nasal cavity. All sinuses drain into a maxillary sinus then into middle meatus

Auricles

Ear-like appendages

Atria

Receive veins, they’re thin walled and have less forceful contractions. Interatrial septum separates RA from LA

Interventricular Septum(IVS)

Separates Ventricles