Integumentary System

Integument

covering

Thermoreceptor

sense of heat or cold

Nociceptor

sense of pain

Meissner’s Corpuscle

sense of touch

Pacinian Corpuscle

sense of pressure

Epidermis

1st major skin region, composed of stratified squamous epithelium.

Keratinization

process in which new cells push old cells to surface, it takes 40-65 days

Stratum Corneum

outermost layer of epidermis, accounts for 75% of epidermal thickness.

Dandruff

layer flaking off scalp

Callus

forms when stratum corneum has frequent friction.

Stratum Basale

deepest layer of epidermis, firmly attached to dermis

Dermis

2nd major skin region, contains collagen and elastic fiber, dense connective tissue.

cleavage lines

are where skin is most resistant to stretching due to orientation of collage fibers.

Reticular Layer

deepest layer of dermis, account for 80% of dermis.

Hypodermis

located below dermis, foundation of skin, contains ½ of the body fat

Melanin

produced by melanocyctes, responsible for hair and eye color. Ranges from yellow to reddish-brown to black.

Carotene

yellow to orange pigment found in plants.

Hemoglobin

gives pinkish-red color

Sunburn

skin’s reaction to UV exposure.

Redness

fever, hypertension, inflammation and allergies.

Pallor

anemia or low blood pressure

Jaundice

liver disorder (yellow)

Bronzing

Addison’s disease (kidney disease)

Bruising

broken blood vessel

Hair

flexible strands of keratinized cells

Root

below skin

Hair Bulb

base of root where hair is produced

Hair Follicle

group of cells that surround root and bulb, giver hair different shapes

Arrector Pili

smooth muscle that surrounds each hair follicle, contracts and hair stands on end (goose bumps)

Sebaceous Glands

connected to hair follicle

Sebum

oily substance that lubricates hair and skin to prevent drying

Eccrine Sweat Glands

all over body and open into sweat pores. Water and Salt secretions

Apocrine Sweat Glands

open into hair follicle, only in genitalia and armpits

Nails

thin plate with layers of dead stratum corneum cells with hard keratin.

Nail Root

covered by the skin

Cuticle

stratum corneum that extends into nail body

Lanula

base of nail, part of nail matrix, whitish, crescent shaped area

nail body

visual part

nail matrix

continuation of nail root, give rises to most of nail

Nail bed

attaches to nail and distal to nail matrix

1st Degree Burn

damages only epidermis; redness, light swelling, and pain. Heals within 2-3 days without scar. Includes sunburn or exposure to cold.

2nd Degree Burn

damages epidermis and upper dermis; heals in 2 weeks with some scarring.

3rd Degree Burn

destroy epidermis and dermis, burned areas are cherry and red to black. Nerve endings are damage. Skin graft might be necessary.