lab 7

what is an animals?

Multicellular, terrestrial or aquatic, sessile or motile, and chemoautotrophs.

Three major themes of animals?

Aquatic vs. Terrestrial

Sessile vs. Motile

Small vs. Large

A summary of major features of animals?

a) animal cells lack cell walls and are supported by cell-

cell junctions and connective tissues

b) nervous and muscular tissues are unique to animals

c) sexual reproduction with dominant diploid stage

d) animal zygotes undergo a complex development that leads to a body plan of 3 embryonic tissues

Metazoa =

multicellular animals

Metazoa split into 2 groups based on body

plan:

Porifera & Eumetazoa

Clade Eumetazoa =

grouped into two grades

Clade Eumetazoa grouped into two grades based on body symmetry:

Radiata & Bilateria

embryonic (germ) layers

Ectoderm

Mesoderm

Endoderm

Ectoderm

Mesoderm

Endoderm

innermost layer, middle layer, outermost layer

What form when cells start to specialize during gastrulation stage of embryonic development?

tissue layers

Amoebocytes synthesize _________ out of silica or calcium for protection and structural support.

spicules

More flexible body composed of a protein called __________; skeletons sold as bath sponges!

spongin

sponge benefits?

Many chemical defenses; some used to make medications that kill cancer cells and penicillin-resistant strains of bacteria.

Class Medusozoa

Hydra, Portuguese man-o-war, fire coral

Class Anthozoa

hard and soft corals, sea anemones

nematocysts

tentacles are lined with

cells containing barbed

or venomous harpoon-

like apparatus

Grade Bilateria (bilateral symmetry; triploblastic)

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Rhabditophora

eg., planarians, fluke worms, and tapeworms

Grade Radiata (radial symmetry; diploblastic)

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Medusozoa

eg., Hydra, Portuguese man-o-war, fire coral

Class Anthozoa

eg., hard and soft corals, sea anemones