Hallucinogens

Hallucinogens

cause marked alterations in normal though processes, perceptions, and mood / diverse / classified as classic hallucinogens or dissociative drugs

Classic hallucinogens

cause hallucinations / marijuana, LSD, psilocybin, peyote

Dissociative hallucinogens

distorts perceptions / PCP, ketamine, dextromethorphan, salvia

Swallow as tablets or pills

LSD, DXM, ketamine, PCP

Swallow as liquid

LSD, peyote, DXM, ketamine

Consume raw or dried

peyote, psilocybin, salvia

Brew into tea

DMT, peyote, psilocybin, salvia

Snort

ketamine, PCP

Inject

PCP

Inhale, vape, or smoke

DMT, PCP, salvia

Absorb through the lining of the mouth or use drug soaked paper

LSD

Effects on the brain

partially by temporarily disrupting communication between brain chemical systems throughout the brain and spinal chord

Physiological effects

increased heart rate, nausea, increased blood pressure, increased breathing rate and body temperature, loss of appetite, dry mouth, sleep problems, feelings of relaxation, uncoordinated movements, excessive sweating

Psychological effects

intensified feelings and sensory experiences, changes in sense of time, panic, paranoia, psychosis, bizarre behaviors, spiritual experiences

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

very potent, produced in clandestine labs, orderless and colorless, slightly bitter taste, “acid” or “trip,” get flashbacks / sch I / considered to be non-additive with low potential for abuse, no medical uses / most popular in 1960s to 1980s / chemical testing by US government / profess of decriminilization in oregon (Nov 2020)

Psilocybin mushrooms

naturally occurring compound found in 200 species of fungi / common to Mexico, Central America, and the US / obtained from fresh or dried mushrooms / predates recorded history / medical uses within indigenous groups / religious or spiritual experiences

Psilocybin → Psilocin

schedule I / chance of potential poisoning / effects typically can last 2 to 6 hours / psychedelics research conducted at Berkley, JHU, Australia, and UK

1959

Albert Hofmann isolated active psilocybin

1960

Harvard Psilocybin Project

2018

Psilocybin-assisted therapy for treatment-resistance depression

Peyote

small, spineless cactus / low to the ground and grow in clusters / extremely slow growers / contains psychoactive alkaloids-mescaline / native to Mexico and southern Texas / “special protection” - listed vulnerable

Phencyclidine (PCP)

schedule II / very potent / developed in 1950s as an intravenous anesthetic / no medical purposes / according to DEA, predominantly abused by young adults and high school students

Ketamine

clear liquid or off white or white powder / short acting, sedative / medical use for animals / “club drug” / disassociate anesthetic / sexual assault / sch III

Dextromethorphan

OTC cough suppressant / more than 120 medications / abused in high doses / isomer of levomethorphan - synthetic morphine derivative / structurally like narcotics / metabolically more similar to PCP and ketamine / “robotripping” or “skittling”

Salvia divinorum

perennial herb / used by Mazatec Indians for rituals / can be chewed, smoked, or vaped / not controlled at federal level / states may be controlled

3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

stimulant and hallucinogen / may contain CDS such as methamphetamine, ketamine, cocaine, cathinone, and caffeine / typically, effects occur within 30 minutes and last up to 6-8 hours / can cause dehydration