Chemistry H Unit 3

Buch chem vocab terms

Effective nuclear charge

Zeff

Ionization energy

the energy gained by a metal atom in order to lose an electron

Electron affinity

the energy lost by a nonmetal when it gains an electron

Electronegativity

a numerical scale representing how much an atom attracts electrons to it

Atomic radius (size)

the distance from the nucleus of an atom to the edge of its electron cloud

Ion radius (size)

adding an electron makes the radius larger, taking away an electron makes the radius smaller

Isoelectronic

electron configuration is the same

Oxidation state

charge or charges of stable ions

Alkali metals

first column, 1 ve, common oxidation state of +1, reacts with water

Alkaline earth metals

second metal

Transition metals

d + p sublevels, not family, have a tendency to form different but stable oxidation states (multi

Halogens

next to noble gasses

Noble gases

last column, valance sublevels (s+p) filled, common oxidation state of 0 (inert), 8 ve except He

Cation

a positive ion

Anion

a negative ion

Metal

loose electrons to become cations

Nonmetal

gain electrons to become anions

Metalloid

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

Coulomb’s law (formula and use)

stronger attractions occur when opposite charges are closer and larger