Earth Science B Unit 1.2
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32 Terms
Astronomy
the scientific study of objects and phenomena beyond Earth’s atmosphere
Evidence
information used to support or refute a scientific claim
Observation
information gathered using the senses or tools
Inference
a conclusion based on observations and reasoning
Telescope
an instrument that collects and focuses light to observe distant objects
Lens
a curved piece of glass that bends light to form images
Mirror
a reflective surface used in telescopes to focus light
Resolution
the ability to see fine details clearly
Magnification
how much larger an object appears compared to its actual size
Optical telescope
a telescope that collects visible light
Radio telescope
a telescope that detects radio waves from space
Space telescope
a telescope that orbits Earth to avoid atmospheric distortion
Electromagnetic spectrum
the full range of all types of electromagnetic radiation
Wavelength
the distance between successive peaks of a wave
Frequency
the number of wave cycles passing a point per second
Visible light
the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum humans can see
Infrared radiation
electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light
Ultraviolet radiation
electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light
Spectroscopy
the study of light to determine the composition of objects
Spectrum
the pattern of wavelengths produced by a light source
Emission spectrum
a pattern of bright lines produced by glowing elements
Absorption spectrum
a pattern of dark lines where light has been absorbed by elements
Element
a pure substance made of one type of atom
Scale
the size
Astronomical unit (AU)
the average distance between Earth and the Sun
Light-year
the distance light travels in one year
Pattern
a repeated or predictable relationship in data
Model
a representation used to explain or predict scientific phenomena
Limitation
a restriction or boundary that affects how scientific data is collected or interpreted
Uncertainty
the degree to which a measurement or conclusion may vary
Indirect evidence
information inferred rather than directly observed