3.1-3.4

Bill of rights

The first ten amendments to the

Constitution, which list individual rights

and liberties.

Civil liberties

Constitutional guarantees and freedoms

that protect people from arbitrary

government interference.

Establishment clause

The First Amendment clause that limits

government support or sponsorship of

religion.

First amendment

The amendment protecting religion, speech,

press, assembly, and petition.

Free exercise clause

The First Amendment clause protecting an

individual’s right to practice religion.

Religious liberty

The protection of religious belief and

practice under the First Amendment.

Clear and present danger

A standard used to justify limits on speech

that creates a serious and immediate

threat to public safety

Defamation

Language that harms another person’s

reputation.

Freedom of speech

First Amendment protection for

expression, including spoken, written, and

symbolic expression.

Libel

Written defamation.

Obscenity

A category of expression that may receive

less First Amendment protection.

Slander

Spoken defamation.

Symbolic speech

Nonverbal action that communicates an

idea or belief.

Time, place, and manner regulations

Rules that limit when, where, or how

speech occurs without banning the

message itself.

Freedom of the press

First Amendment protection for the press to

publish information and opinions

Prior restraint

Government action that prevents publication

before it occurs.