Epidermis Review, Different Degrees Of Burns, and skin cancer terms

Callus

Occurs when keratinocytes undergo significant friction

Desmosomes

Connect keratinocytes in our epidermis

Keratin

A protein that helps the epidermis protect from abrasions/penetration and stay waterproof

Keratinocytes

Most abundant cells in the epidermis

Keratohyalin granules

Produced in the stratum granulosum; help form keratin in the stratum corneum and stratum lucidum

Lamellar bodies

Produced in the stratum granulosum; secrete lipids that waterproof our skin

Langerhans cells

Cells that ingest foreign substances and activate our immune system

Melanin

A pigment that shields keratinocytes from UV radiation

Melanocytes

Cells that produce pigment

Merkel cells

Cells that sense light touch

Stratum basale

Bottom (5th) layer of the epidermis

Stratum corneum

Top/superficial layer of the epidermis

Stratum granulosum

3rd layer of the epidermis

Stratum lucidum

2nd layer of the epidermis

Stratum spinosum

4th layer of the epidermis

90% of epidermal cells (1)

Keratinocytes (1)

Activate our immune system (1)

Langerhans cells (1)

Also known as dendritic cells (2)

Langerhans cell (2)

As these cells approach the stratum corneum they flatten and die (2)

Keratinocytes (2)

Also known as tactile epithelial cells (1)

Merkel cells (1)

As these cells approach the stratum corneum they flatten and die (2)

keratinocytes (2)

Formed in the bone marrow — migrate to the stratum spinosum of the epidermis (3)

Langerhans cells (3)

Friction stimulates their production, forming calluses (3)

Keratinocytes (3)

Ingest foreign substances (4)

Langerhans cells (4)

Only found in the stratum basale (1)

Melanocytes (1)

Present at the junction between the epidermis and dermis (2)

Merkel cells (2)

Produce a pigment that covers keratinocytes, blocking them from UV radiation from the Sun (2)

Melanocytes (2)

Produce a pigment that determines hair, skin and eye color (3)

Melanocytes (3)

Produce a protein that helps the epidermis protect from abrasions/penetration and stay waterproof (4)

Keratinocytes (4)

Produce Keratin (5)

Keratinocytes (5)

Produce melanin (4)

Melanocytes (4)

Produced in the stratum basale but get pushed upward by new cells beneath them. (6)

Keratinocytes (6)

Sense light touch (3)

Merkel cells (3)

Similar numbers of cells in all humans (5)

Melanocytes (5)

Spider shaped (6)

Melanocytes (6)

You shed millions daily (6)

Keratinocytes (6)

First Degree Burn

Only Superficial epidermis is damaged. Skin is red and uncomfortable.

Second Degree Burn

Epidermis and superficial portion of the dermis are damaged. Skin is red, painful, and blistered.

Third Degree Burn

Both epidermis and dermis are destroyed and possibly portions of the hypodermis, as well (known as full thickness burns).

Fourth Degree Burn

Damaged tissue extends into deeper layers such as bone and muscle.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Most, common, begins in basal cells, slowly growing, rarely spreads, appear most often face, neck, and scalp

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Second most common, faster growing, than basal cell carcinoma, higher chance of spreading, usually cured by surgical removal or radiation, occurs most often on skin that is exposed to the sun, but can be anywhere on the skin.

Melanoma

Stem from melanocytes, pigmented with a variety of colors, people of any age can develop, only 4% skin cancers but 80% of death, usually forms on trunk (especially back) or limbs