PSYCH 3000- Perosnality Ch 4-6

A researcher who is interested in the construct of cooperativeness and wants to discover what this trait can predict should use the

single-trait approach.

Which of the Big Five traits is the best predictor of relationship problems, criminal behavior, and mental illness?

neuroticism

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is

frequently used by businesses and schools even though it is not a reliable way to assess personality

People’s behaviors and states can vary over time and sometimes span the entire range of a scale used to assess the traits

behaviors and states are not always the same as a person’s average level of a trait.

When examining the connections between personality and behavior,

there are at least four different ways to do this that all provide some useful information.

Using the single-trait approach allows us to learn

about several behaviors that are related to a single trait

The many-trait approach allows researchers to examine how many traits are related to a specific behavior or belief.

many traits are related to a specific behavior or belief

The California Q-set is a way to describe a person based on a set of 100 aspects of traits. Then it is possible to understand how this set is related to a specific behavior or belief.

allows researchers to examine how 100 phrases or aspects of traits are related to specific behaviors or beliefs.

Many traits can be reduced to a few especially important traits

by basing decisions on both theory and statistical approaches.

The discovery of the Big Five traits was based on

the lexical hypothesis, or the idea that many words exist for important and universal aspects of life.

Some important facets or aspects of the Big Five trait of conscientiousness include

self-discipline, organization, and orderliness.

Typological approaches differ from the three trait approaches because they

can be used to separate people into specific groups that differ in qualitative ways from other groups.

A limitation of the typological approach is

related to the use of cutoff scores for placing people into types because people who are quite similar can be put in different types.

narcissism is more common than NPD

true

 NPD is reserved for adults

true

When compared to personality types, personality traits are ________ at predicting behavior.

Better

What role did the lexical hypothesis play in the development of the Big Five

It helped researchers identify the most important traits to study.

Which trait is associated with putting more effort into hairstyles and clothing?

entitlement/exploitativeness

Which of the following Big Five domains is related to less smoking?

agreeableness

A researcher applying the single-trait approach in assessing personality would likely ask which of the following questions

What health behaviors are associated with conscientiousness?

 Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?

 It is time-consuming to score and interpret.

Which of the Big Five traits is the best predictor of relationship problems, criminal behavior, and mental illness?

neuroticism

Almost all research within trait approach relies on

 correlational research designs

One notable aspect of the trait approach is that it focuses on

measuring how individuals differ from one another.

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to have a consistent personality?

George, a very emotionally stable 68-year-old retired teacher

question situation debates was

based on the finding people are somewhat inconsistent across time

Situationism is the belief that

personality is relatively unimportant in determining behavior.

Funder and Ozer (1983) examined the results of three classic social psychological studies. They converted the results to effect sizes and found that the effects were typically equivalent to correlations in the range of

.36 to .42.

If one used the Binomial Effect Size Display, a correlation of .40 would mean that a prediction of behavior based on a personality-trait score would be accurate about 70 percent of the time. This approach to evaluating the size of a correlation uses a(n) ____________________ to compare the sizes of correlations.

absolute standard

individuals who are consistent and well adjusted make good

good targets

Ricardo is a psychologically well-adjusted individual whose behavior is fairly consistent and predictable. He tends to be fairly agreeable and extraverted and his behavior accurately reflects how he is feeling. Ricardo would most likely be

a good target

Situationism is the position that

behavior is driven by the situation.

What are the two primary criteria for evaluating the accuracy of personality judgment?

interjudge agreement and behavioral prediction

According to the text, which of the following characteristics is positively associated with personality consistency?

general mental health

personality becomes more stable and unchanging as a person gets older

Heterotypic continuity.

marys scores on shyness are higher than joes scores at every age demonstrating

rank order consistency

genetically based behavioral and emotional tendencies that persist throughout life and form the basis of adult personality are called

temperment

Joseph's mean shyness score goes down 20 points as he ages from 18 to 60 demonstrating

his personality development

a person environment transaction that involved the person seeking out compatible environments and avoiding incompatible ones is called an

active person environment transaction

According to cross sectional studies which age group is most extraverted

children

Consistency of individual differences in personality typically ________ over the life span.

increases