usa politics

US Constitution

The foundational codified legal document adopted in $1787$ that establishes the framework, powers, and limitations of the US federal government.

Three core structural principles of the US Constitution

Separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism.

Codification of the US Constitution

The key characteristic that all fundamental laws and structural rules are collected within a single authoritative document.

Article I of the US Constitution

The section that establishes the legislative branch, outlining the structure, powers, and responsibilities of Congress.

Article II of the US Constitution

The section that establishes the executive branch, outlining the powers, duties, and election of the President.

Article III of the US Constitution

The section that establishes the judicial branch, creating the Supreme Court and defining federal judicial power.

Bill of Rights

The first $10$ amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in $1791$ to safeguard individual liberties.

US Congress

The national bicameral legislature of the United States, composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

House of Representatives

The lower chamber of Congress consisting of $435$ members apportioned by state population, with representatives serving $2$-year terms.

Senate

The upper chamber of Congress consisting of $100$ members ($2$ per state), with senators serving staggered $6$-year terms.

Three primary constitutional functions of Congress

Legislation (lawmaking), constituent representation, and executive oversight.

Exclusive powers of the House of Representatives

Initiating money and tax bills, voting on articles of impeachment, and electing the President during an Electoral College tie.

Exclusive powers of the Senate

Confirming presidential appointments, ratifying international treaties, and trying impeached officials.