Nationalism

Nationalism

Pride for one’s country, no matter what it does; often negatively viewed.

Patriotism

Pride for one’s country for what it does, generally seen as a positive term.

Common Heritage

A feeling of unity among people with shared history, culture, or ethnicity.

Militarism

The belief that a nation should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively.

Social Darwinism

The theory that people are subject to the same laws of natural selection as plants and animals.

Realpolitik

Politics based on practical and material factors rather than on theoretical or ethical objectives.

Blood and Iron

A foreign policy phrase used by Bismarck, emphasizing military force and strength.

Nation State

A political unit where a group shares a common culture and government over a defined territory.

Types of Nationalist Movements

Unify, Separate, and Build a State movements based on cultural and political aims.

Giuseppe Mazzini

An Italian nationalist known as 'The Heart' who dreamed of a united Republican Italy.

Camillo Cavour

The Prime Minister of Sardinia known as 'The Brain,' he used realpolitik to unite Italy.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Leader of the Redshirts known as 'The Sword,' he played a key role in unifying Italy.

Wilhelm I

King of Prussia crowned as the first Kaiser of Germany in 1871.

Otto von Bismarck

Prussian statesman known as the 'Iron Chancellor' who unified Germany.

Aspirational Nationalism

Nationalism by people seeking to form their own nation, neutral in its approach.

Conservatism

Political ideology resistant to change, favoring a return to past traditions.

Liberalism

Political ideology advocating for freedoms, a separation of powers, and progressive reforms.

Tensions Between North and South Germany

Conflict between Protestant North and Catholic South complicating unification.

Italian Parliament

The governing body that declared Victor Emmanuel II king of Italy in 1861.

Thousand Redshirts

Garibaldi's followers who helped unify Italy by conquering various territories.

Kingdom of Sardinia

The only Italian state ruled by Italians; pivotal in the unification of Italy.

Dual Monarchy

The political arrangement of Austria-Hungary, recognizing both Austria and Hungary.

Franco-Prussian War

War instigated by Bismarck that resulted in the unification of Germany.

Blood and Iron Policy

Bismarck’s emphasis on military strength to achieve national goals.

Cavour's Alliance with France

Strategic partnership to aid in driving Austria out of Italy.

Captured territories by Cavour

Lombardy and Venetia taken with French assistance to help unite Italy.

Cultural Unity in Italy

Shared language, values, and heritage among Italians that fueled nationalism.

Reforms of Victor Emmanuel II

Efforts to consolidate power and promote Italian unification during his reign.