General Psychology exam 3

Chapters 4 and 5

Cocktail party effect

The ability to focus attention on one important stimulus while filtering out other competing information.

Multitasking

Dividing attention between multiple tasks; performance and attention on each task usually get worse.

Circadian rhythms

Biological and psychological cycles that last about 24 hours.

Circadian rhythms without time cues

Without normal time cues

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

The body’s master biological clock located in the hypothalamus.

Light/darkness and melatonin

Darkness increases melatonin while light decreases or suppresses melatonin.

Pineal gland

The gland that produces melatonin.

Hypnagogic hallucination

A vivid dreamlike sensation or hallucination that happens while falling asleep; this term is not specifically defined in the slideshow.

Sleep paralysis

A temporary inability to move when falling asleep or waking up; this term is not specifically defined in the slideshow.

Rapid Eye Movement

What does REM stand for?

Stage 1 NREM sleep

Which stage of NREM sleep is a light sleep with a mixture of alpha and theta brain waves?

Stage 2 NREM sleep

Which stage of NREM sleep is characterized by theta waves?

Stage 3 NREM sleep

Which stage of NREM sleep is a deep slow-wave sleep characterized by delta brain waves?

Adaptive theory of sleep

Sleep evolved to conserve energy and protect us from danger.

Restoration theory of sleep

Sleep helps restore the body and mind and supports memory

Sleep deprivation

Not getting enough sleep

Microsleep

A very brief episode of sleep that can happen when a person is extremely tired.

REM rebound

An increase in REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep.

Activation-synthesis model

Random brain activity during sleep creates signals that the brain organizes into a dream story.

Neurocognitive theory of dreaming

Dreams reflect our waking interests

Manifest content

The storyline of a dream that you consciously experience and remember.

Latent content

The hidden unconscious meaning or wish behind a dream.

Lucid dream

A dream in which you realize you are dreaming while it is happening; this term is not specifically covered in the slideshow.

Insomnia

Difficulty falling asleep

Obstructive sleep apnea

A disorder in which the airway becomes narrowed or blocked during sleep

Narcolepsy

Excessive daytime sleepiness with brief sleep episodes.

Sleep terror

A terrifying episode with physical reactions like sweating and rapid heart rate that occurs during slow-wave sleep.

Parasomnias

Undesired arousals or actions during sleep.

Sleep-related eating disorder

A disorder in which a person sleepwalks and compulsively eats

Hypnotic susceptibility

How easily a person can be hypnotized; some people are highly susceptible while others are difficult or impossible to hypnotize.

Neodissociation theory of hypnosis

The theory that hypnosis divides consciousness into different streams of mental activity.

Hidden observer

A part of the mind that continues processing information outside conscious awareness during hypnosis.

Addiction

Compulsive drug/substance use despite harmful consequences.

Physical dependence

The body adapts to a drug and may experience withdrawal when the drug is stopped.

Drug tolerance

Needing more of a drug to produce the same effect after repeated use.

MDMA

A psychoactive stimulant with some hallucinogenic effects. Its major neurotransmitter effect is especially on serotonin.

Stimulants

Drugs that increase central nervous system activity, alertness, and arousal. Examples include caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, and MDMA.

Depressants

Drugs that slow central nervous system activity. Examples include alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines.