Management 4

The process of arousing enthusiasm and inspiring efforts to achieve goals is called:

Leading

The process of assigning tasks, allocating resources, and coordinating the activities of individuals and groups best defines:

Organizing

The process of setting performance objectives and determining what actions should be taken to accomplish them is known as:

Planning

When managers stay in contact with people as they work, gather and interpret information on performance results, and use this information to make adjustments, they:

Control

Which set of skills is most important at lower organizational levels?

Technical skills

Which term refers to the ability to manage ourselves and our relationships effectively?

Emotional intelligence

What are the three levels of management?

Top, middle, and first-line management

A person who guides the performance of an organization as a whole or one of its major parts is called a:

Top manager

Effective managers help others achieve high performance and _____ in their work.

Satisfaction

The upside-down pyramid view of organizations puts _____ at the top of the pyramid.

Customers

Susan has certain preferences about desired end states. These preferences are referred to as _____ values.

Terminal values

The _____ view holds that behaviors that deliver the greatest good to the greatest number of people are ethical.

Utilitarian view

The _____ view focuses ethical analysis on the long-term advancement of self-interests.

Individualism view

The belief that ethical behavior treats all people impartially and fairly is called the _____ view.

Justice view

Which concept suggests there is no one right way to behave and ethical behavior depends on cultural context?

Cultural relativism

The _____ ethical position is most closely associated with ethical imperialism.

Moral absolutism

The view "No one will ever know about it" is a way of _____ unethical behavior.

Rationalizing

In Kohlberg's three levels of moral development, the preconventional stage is based on _____ behavior.

Self-centered behavior

A(n) _____ manager fails to consider ethics.

Amoral manager

Which term refers to an organization's obligations to its stakeholders as well as its own interests?

Corporate social responsibility

Managers who ignore information signaling a performance threat or opportunity and prefer not to make decisions are called:

Problem avoiders

Jessica approaches a problem in a flexible and spontaneous fashion. Which approach to thinking does she use?

Intuitive thinking

A(n) _____ environment lacks so much information that it is difficult to assign probabilities to likely outcomes.

Uncertain environment

An environment in which information is incomplete, but probabilities for outcomes can be reasonably estimated, is called a(n):

Risk environment

A _____ decision crafts a unique solution to a new and unstructured problem.

Nonprogrammed decision

What is the first step in the decision-making process?

Defining the problem

_____ limitations make it hard for managers to be fully informed and perfectly rational in all situations.

Cognitive limitations

A decision that chooses the first satisfactory alternative presented is called a(n) _____ decision.

Satisficing decision

Which heuristic is used when people adjust a previously existing value to make a decision?

Anchoring and adjustment

Cristina continues a course of action even though it is not working. Which decision-making trap does this illustrate?

Escalating commitment

Specific results that one wishes to achieve are referred to as:

Objectives

Stretch goals are:

Difficult and challenging, but achievable

Plans identifying an organization's long-term direction and vision are called _____ plans.

Strategic plans

Management researcher Elliot Jaques believes most people work comfortably with _____ time spans as planning horizons.

Three-month time spans

Plans identifying how different parts of an organization will contribute to strategic plans are called:

Functional plans

A standing plan communicating broad guidelines for employees' decisions and actions is called a:

Policy

A company poster listing instructions to follow in case of a fire alarm is an example of a(n):

Procedure

The process of predicting what will happen in the future is called:

Forecasting

Which process develops alternative plans in anticipation of problems implementing an existing plan?

Contingency planning

Which technique uses external comparisons to evaluate current performance?

Benchmarking

The control process begins by:

Establishing objectives and standards for measuring them

A(n) _____ measures the work efforts that go into a performance task.

Input standard

Focusing on substantial differences between actual and desired performance is called management by:

Exception

The type of managerial control that focuses on what is happening during the work process is called:

Concurrent control

Which type of control takes place after an action is completed?

Feedback control

A manager checking before a shift to see if everything is ready for the day's work illustrates:

Feedforward control

Influencing behavior through norms and peer expectations is called:

Clan control

Which term refers to joint objective setting between a superior and a subordinate?

Management by objectives (MBO)

Which approach makes quality an everyday performance objective and strives to do things right the first time?

Total quality management (TQM)

A _____ graphically displays the scheduling of tasks required to complete a project.

Gantt chart

Carefully designing jobs with efficient work methods is necessary for _____ management.

Scientific management

Two key elements of Weber's bureaucracy were fairness and:

Efficiency

The writings of Fayol are the basis for our modern understanding of:

The four functions of management

The writings of Mary Parker Follett influenced all but which modern management idea?

Profit above all

Based on the Hawthorne studies, what might a manager conclude?

Giving special attention to employees will likely increase their performance

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need is the most basic?

Physiological needs

Which of the following is NOT part of Theory X?

Employees like responsibility

Theory Y would suggest all of these EXCEPT:

Employees resist change

Matching management practices with different situations is called:

Contingency thinking

_____ involves always searching for new ways to improve work quality and performance.

Continuous improvement