cells + energy

the ultimate source of energy for nearly all life is _____ which plants turn into _____ during ______

sunlight energy (kinetic), chemical energy (potential), during photosynthesis

we acquire energy from eating

the energy within plants; or eating the animals who ate the plants

food chemical energy must be converted into

a form our cells can use (ATP) during cellular respiration

order of energy conversion

sun —> photosynthesis —> cellular respiration —→ energy

photosynthesis equation

C6H12O6 (potential) + 6O2 —→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (potential)

photosynthesis reaction is

exergonic

chemical energy is a form of

potential energy stored in chemical bonds

What is used to power our bodily functions

ATP

energy transfer is never 100% efficient

• cars: gast + oxygen —> combustion (releases heat + K.E) —→ carbon dioxide + water : 25%

• cells: sugar + oxygen —→ cellular respiration (releases heat + ATP) ——> carbon dioxide + water: 40 %

carbs, lipids and protiens can be converted to

cellular energy

to obtain energy from eating, our cells have to

convert the chemical energy of carbs, lipids or proteins to ATP

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

type of nucleotide containing 3 parts: adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups

each phosphate group in ATP carries a

negative charge so they repel eachother

what does the repulsion between charges in ATP cause

stress on the bonds between them which results in that bond having high P.E (rubber band)

breaking the bond between the last two phosphate groups causes what

a release of energy that can directly refuel other chemical reactions

• result = Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + free inorganic phosphate (Pi) + release of energy

our cells use energy from the things we eat to reconstruct

ATP from ADP and Pi - rechargeable

ATP and ADP differ how

• ATP = 3 phosphate groups

• ADP = 2 phosphate groups

ATP is made from

ADP + Pi + input of energy

• An input of energy from the breakdown of food attaches ADP to Pi

ADP + Pi is made from

ATP + energy

• energy is released as a phosphate group is ejected from ATP

Photosynthesis uses ____ to build _____ from ____

solar energy (photo); glucose sugar (synthesis); from CO2

• requires water

• oxygen is produced as a waste product, which is released into the atmosphere