Quiz 3 - Skull - A&P Lab *

4 components of the skull

• Cranial bones

• Facial bones

• Fibrous joints

• Facial muscles

3 types of fibrous joints

• Suture

• Gomphosis

• Synostosis

Other name for skull

Cranium

Two components of the skull

• Cranial bones

• Facial bones

Amount and job of the cranial bones

• 8 bones

• Enclose and protect brain

Amount and job of facial bones

• 14

• Form the face

8 cranial bones

• Frontal

• Parietal (2)

• Temporal (2)

• Occipital

• Sphenoid

• Ethmoid

Frontal bone location

Frontal bone info

• Forehead

• Anterior of head

• Roof of eye sockets

• Frontal sinuses

Protects frontal lobe

Parietal bones location

Parietal bone info

• paired left and right

• Side or walls of skull

• Protects parietal lobes

Temporal bone location

Temporal bone info

• temples

• Middle and inner ear

• Protects temporal lobe

Mandibular fossa

External auditory Meatus

Mastoid process

Styloid process

Zygomatic process

Occipital bone location

Occipital bone info

• lower, posterior skull

• Articulation with cervical spine

• Important ligament and muscle attachments

• Protects occipital lobe, cerebellum, brainstem

Foramen magnum

Occipital condyles

Sphenoid bone location

Sphenoid bone info

• bat shaped

• Keystone bone of skull

• Middle or cranial fossa

• Protect brain, pituitary gland, cranial nerves

Sella turcica/pituitary fossa

Lesser wings

Greater wings

Ethmoid bone location

Ethmoid bone info

• complex, irregular shape

• Medial walls of orbits

• Nasal cavity & septum

• Protects frontal lobe

Perpendicular plate

Superior Nasal conchae

Middle nasal conchae

14 facial bones

• nasal bones (2)

• Maxillae (2)

• Zygomatic bones (2)

• Mandible

• Lacrimal bones (2)

• Palatine bones (2)

• Inferior nasal conchae bones (2)

• Vomer

Nasal bone location

Nasal bone info

• bridge of nose

• Protects nasal cavity

Maxilla location

Maxilla info

• upper jaw

• Keystone bone of facial bones

• Teeth

• Protects brain, eyes, oral cavity structures

Palatine process

Alveoli

plural form of alveolar

Alveolar process

Zygomatic bone location

Zygomatic bone info

• cheek bones

• Inferolateral orbits

• Attachment for facial muscles - chewing, expression

• Protects eye

Mandible location

Mandible info

• lower jaw

• Largest, strongest of face

• Teeth

• Protects vessels, nerves of gums, teeth, lower

Mandibular condyles

Mandibular angle

Mandibular ramus

Incisive fossa

Lacrimal bone location

Lacrimal bone info

• medial aspect of orbit

• Protects lacrimal apparatus and eyes

Palatine bone location

Palatine bone information

• floor of nasal cavity

• Hard palate - roof of mouth

• Creates separation of nasal and oral cavity separation (breathe while chewing)

• Perpendicular plate - creates separation of nasal & orbit

Inferior nasal conchae bones

Vomer

• plow shaped

• Part of nasal septum

Synarthrosis

• fixed

• No movement

• Fibrous tissue

Two synarthrosis joints in the skull

• sutures

• Gomphosis

Diarthrodal/synovial

• free moving

• Joint cavity with articular surface and joint fluid

Synovial joint in the skull

TMJ

Sutures

Immovable joints between cranial bones

4 types of sutures in the skull

• coronal

• Lambdoid

• Squamous

• Sagittal

Coronal suture

Frontal

Lambdoid suture

Shaped like the Greek letter lambda

• posterior skull

Squamous suture

Named for this portion of the temporal bone

Sagittal suture

Synostosis joint

when sutures fuse too early

Fontanels

• soft spots found between cranial bones

• Fibrous connective tissue that will eventually be replaced by bone and become sutures

Fontanel location

Gomphosis classification

• synarthrosis = immovable

• Fibrous = collagen fibers

Gomphosis location

Temporomandibular joint

Epicranius muscle location

Epicranius muscle action

Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead

Zygomaticus major muscle location

Zygomaticus major muscle action

Raises lateral corners of mouth

Orbicularis oculi muscle location

Orbicularis oculi muscle action

closes the eyelids

Orbicularis oris muscle location

Orbicularis oris muscle action

Closes mouth; pucker lips

Mentalis muscle location

Mentalis muscle action

Wrinkled skin of the chin; protrudes lower lip; pout

Buccinator muscle location

Buccinator muscle action

Compressed cheek against teeth; blowing

Platysma muscle location

Platysma muscle action

Tense neck

Masseter muscle location

Masseter muscle origin

Zygomatic arch

Masseter muscle insertion

Lateral surface of angle and ramus of mandible

Masseter muscle action

Elevates mandible to close jaw; chewing

Masseter muscle description

Superficial