Energy and electricity.

Energy

Capacity to do work

potential energy

stored energy

Kinetic energy

energy found in a moving object

Law of conservation of energy

A law that says energy cannot be created or destroyed only moved and transformed. The energy held in the universe will always be the same.

Gravitational potential energy

Energy stored at height

Elastic potential energy

Energy stored as an object is stretched

Chemical potential energy

Energy stored in chemical bonds

Nuclear potential energy

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

Electrical potential energy

Stored electrical energy

Kinetic energy

Any moving object has kinetic energy such as a rolling ball

Heat energy

Energy in heat which flows from hotter particles to cooler particles.

electrical energy

Kinetic energy from moving electrons through a circuit

sound energy

energy from vibrating matter

Light energy

Visible form of radiation

Forms of kinetic energy

Mechanical energy and radiant energy

Kinetic energy

kinetic energy= half x mass x velocity ²

Gravitational potential energy formula

mass x gravity x height.

work formula

work = force x Distance

calculate energy efficiency

useful energy output/ total energy output x 100

Heat transfer

Conduction, convection and radiation

Conduction

Heat transfer through two objects touching

Convection

Transfer of heat through air or liquids

Radiation

Transfer of heat through electromagnet waves

velocity

a speed of an object moving in a certain direction

mass

The amount of matter in an object

Gravity

an invisible force that draws object together

Conductors

Substances that allow energy or heat through them

Thermal conductors

Materials that allow heat to flow through them

Insulators

Materials that don’t conduct heat or energy

Thermal insulators

Materials that stop heat or energy from passing through them

renewable energy

Energy sources that are replenished continuously or naturally

Non-renewable energy

Energy sources that are limited and can’t be replenished

Electrical current ( I ) measured in amps

The flow of electrons every second.

Voltage (V) measured with voltmeter

The amount of energy lost and gained by electric charge

Resistance

Transforms the potential energy into other sources of energy

Ohm’s law

V= I x R

Electric circuit

path in which charged electrons flow from an energy source through wires and a load and back to the power supply.

Power supply

provide electrical energy

Load ( light bulb)

Something that converts energy into light, heat, sound

Conductive path

something that provides a route for current to flow

Open circuit

When an electrical current doesn’t flow

Closed circuit

When an electrical current flows

Series circuit

all the components of the circuit are connected to form a single loop

Parallel circuit

has a number of branches and the current splits between the branches and comes back together afterwards

energy use= electrical power x time used

Formula for power

direct current/ DC

has a number of branches and the current splits between the branches and comes back together afterwards

Alternating circuit/ AC

changes the direction it flows around an electrical circuit.