Domain Archea/Bacteria/Eukarya

Domain Bacteria

Synapomorphy: Peptidoglycan in cell walls
Unicellular/Propellor Flagella/Circle Chrom
Some Pathogenic; few cause diseases
Nitrogen fixation and O2 Production (Cyanobacteria)

Eco/Econ
Decomposition (Oil spills and Compost)
Good for human microbiome

Domain Bacteria Eco/Econ

Decomposition (Oil spills and Compost)
Good for human microbiome

Domain Archea

Extreme Halophiles and Thermophiles
Synap: DNA w/ histones
Char: Unicellular, Propellor flagella, circle chrom, genomes

Domain Archea Eco/Econ

Carbon Cycle Super: Methanogenesis (Production if Methane) during anaerobic decomposition with lack of e2 in landfills or cows
Good for microbiome
Vitamin production

Viruses

Considered non-living particles
Unique Traits:
-Capsid (Protein coat around genome)
-Some have outer membranous envelope that keeps hidden from immune system
-Genetic Material (DNA/RNA Single or Double Strand)**

Viruses can act as

vectors to new traits

Endosymbiosis

Evolution of the chloroplasts 2 times (Kingdom plantea)
Cyanobacteria was engulfed but not digested, stayed alive and made sugar from Co2
Evidence: Chloroplast DNA is homologous w/ Cyanobacteria DNA and some have peptigoglycan

Secondary Endosymbiosis (Stramenopila and Alveolata)

Single Celled Plant (Green Algea) consumed, stayed alive and underwent photosynthesis, becomes organelle w/ 4membranes)

Stramenopila Synapmorphies and Phylums

Phylum Bacillariophyta
Phylum Phaeophyta
Phylum oomycota

2 flagella one hairy

Alveolata Synapmorphies and phylums

Apicomplexa
Dinoflagellata

air sacs under cell wall (Alveo)

Phylum Bacillariophyta

Char: Unicell, microscopic, some form colonies, phytoplankton, 4 membrane chloroplast, 2 flagella
Synapmorphy:
-Cell walls made of Silica
-Store carbs as Levcosin

Phylum Bacillariophyta Eco/Econ

-Phytoplankton (Photosynthesis and 20-50% of O2 for world as well as sugar for underwater)
-HABs (Harmful algae blooms) due to warm temps/excess nutrients
-Silica rich fossil deposits
-Non toxic pesticide (Silica balls in clothes)
-Makeup
-reflective signs

Phylum Phaeophyta (Brown Algea)

Char: Multicellular, all seaweed, distinct tissues (leave blades for photosynthesis), converstion evolution to be plant like, 2 flagella, 4 membrane
Synap: Store carbs as Laminarin

Phylum Phaeophyta (Brown Algea) Eco/Econ

Kelp Forest
Primary producers of sugars and carbon fixation point
Algenic acid for food (thickner)

Phylum oomycota

Char: Filamentous Body, cell walls made of cellulose**, digest food externally w/ enzymes, 2 flagella, decomposition, pathogens
Synap: Egg Shaped reproductive structure
Eco/Econ
Important Plant/Animal Pathogens
Decomposers

Phylum oomycota Eco/Econ

Important Plant/Animal Pathogens and Decomposers

Phylum Dinoflagellata

Char: Alevo/Airsac, ungelating flagella, unicell, phytoplankton
Synap: Multiple flagella, 1 in central groove and 2nd on side
Rigid cellular plates made of cellulose
Coral Symbiosis

Phylum Dinoflagellata (Eco/Econ)

Red Tide HABS
Coral Symbiosis (makes sugars, feed corals)
Phytoplankton (Sugars)

Phylum Apicomplexa

Char: Linear chromosome, all parasites, multiple hosts
Synap
-Apical drill tip for cells
-Modified chloroplast (No photosynthesis, just stores carbs)

Phylum Apicomplexa Eco/Econ

Parasites and diseases
Malaria (Drills into blood cells)
Toxoplasmosis (Spread by cats)