Athens and Persian War

10/8

What is the Primary bias or focus found in Persian histroical sources (ex:inscriptions)

They focus on demonstrating their power and stability of the Persian Kings

Which two major Greek Historical sources are mentioned what what do they emphasize on

Herodotus and Xenophon.

They emphasize the differences betwee cultures and barbaroi

What is Barbaroi

an uncivilized person, usually a foreigner

Who was the Achaemenid ruler from 559-530 BCE who conquered Media,Lydia, and Ionian Greek cities

Cyrus II (Cyrus the Great)

What was the capital city of the region containing the conquered Ionian Greek cities

Sardis

What two infrastructural features and one social policy helped unify the early Persian Empire

an advanced network of roads, an efficient postal system, and a policy of religious freedom

Which Persian successor expanded the empire by adding Egypt

Cambyses

What two major administrative changes did Darius I (521-486 BCE) introduce

Who was Darius I

Achaemenid emperor

reorganized the empire into satrapies with standardized taxation, coinage, weights, and measures

what are satrapies

division of the empire into provinces (satrapies)

When did Darius attack the Scythians and conquer Thrace

in 512 BCE

Who led the Ionian revolt in 499 BCE

Aristagoras, tyrant of Miletus

How did sparta and athens respond to the ionian revolt

Sparta refused to participate, but Athens sent ships

When did the Ionian revolt end and what was the outcome?

Ended in 494 BCE with the defeat of Miletus

What two actions did archon Themistocles take to prepare for war

Fortified the port of Piraeus

Built a naval base

What happened to Darius 492 BCE invasion of Greece vis north under mardonius

The persian fleet was wrecked

Which two major Greek poleis (city-states) submitted during the Persian expedition across the Aegean

Thebes and Argos

What did the Persians do before the Battle of the Marathon

They crushed Naxos and burned the temples of Eretria

When and were did the battle of marathon take place

It took place in Attica in 490BCE

Who did pheidippides run to for help, and what was the outcome

he ran to sparta, but they did not send troops

what was the estimated ratio of the armies at Marathon

The athenians were outnumbered 2 to 1

Who was the strategos(general) who persuaded the athenians to fight

Miltiades

Which Greek citizen-soldiers successfully routed the Persian forces

Hoplites

What were the casualty numbers reported by the historian Herodotus

192 Greeks died vs 6,400 Persians

Where was the famous painting of the battle displayed in Athens

In the Stoa Poikile

What political change occurred regarding Athenian archons after the battle of Marathon

They began to be chosen by lot (from a selected group) instead of being directly elected

Which Ancient Athenian governing body lost status as a result of archons being chosen by lot?

The aeropagus (the council of elders)

Which prominent Athenian statesman was likely behind the shift to choosing archons by lot

Themistocles

Which group of 10 military officals saw an increase in their political prestige after the battle of Marathon

The 10 strategoi (generals)

What is the ostracism

a democratic vote held to send a prominent citizen into exile for 10yrs

Who was King Xerxes the successor to, and in what year did he invade Greece

He was the successor to Darius II, and he invaded in 484 BCE

What did Themistocles want to use the discovery of new silver for ?

to finance the building of warships called triremes

What is the Hellenic League

The name of the Greek alliance led by Spartans and Athenians against the Persians

Who died trying to defend the Thermopylae pass in 480 BCE

King Leonidas and 300 Spartans (along with 400 others)

What two major battles concluded the timeline (480-489)

The battle of salamis (480) and Platea (479)