Toxic Megacolon

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8 Terms

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What is toxic megacolon?
Life-threatening dilation of the colon with systemic toxicity, usually a complication of severe inflammatory bowel disease (UC or Crohn’s)
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What are the main GI symptoms?
Abdominal distention, severe abdominal pain, diarrhea
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What are systemic signs of toxicity?
Fever, tachycardia, hypotension
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What are other possible symptoms?
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, shock
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What are the initial treatments for toxic megacolon?
NPO (nothing by mouth), IV fluids, electrolyte replacement
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Which medications are used?
Broad-spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroids for inflammation
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What supportive care is important?
Monitor vital signs, intake & output, bowel sounds, and labs
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What surgical procedures are commonly done?
Colectomy (removal of affected colon), possibly with temporary ileostomy