PANCE Most Commons

Area for compartment syndrome

lower extremity

*commonly the tibia*

shoulder dislocation

anterior

Ligament injured in shoulder

supraspinatus

*difficulty with abduction of the shoulder*

Risk factors for adhesive capsulitis

DM

hypothyroidism

Movement affected by adhesive capsulitis

External rotation and abduction

Ligament in lateral epicondylitis

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

Ligament in medial epicondylitis

Pronator teres

area of OA

knee

risk factors for OA

BMI

previous joint trauma

Epidemiology for ankylosing spondylitis

Males under 45

Cause of lumbosacral radiculopathy

L5-S1

Epidemiology for spinal stenosis

6th or 7th decade of life

*Contrast with ankylosing spondylitis which happens earlier in life*

Causes of spinal stenosis

Degenerative arthritis and spondylysis

Fractured carpal bone

scaphoid

Complication of scaphoid fracture

avascular necrosis

Mechanism of injury for colles fracture

FOOSH with extended wrist

Mechanism of injury for smith fracture

FOOSH with flexed wrist

Nerve injury with distal radius fracture

median nerve

Cause of hip dislocation

MVC

hip dislocation

posterior

hip fracture

intertrochanteric

Mechanism of injury for ACL tear

plant and twist

*instability*

Mechanism of injury for PCL tear

MVC - dashboard injury

Artery injured with PCL injury

popliteal artery

*have to get CTA*

Mechanism of injury for meniscus tear

Twisting motion of flexed knee on a planted foot

*Sudden pain to joint line

Locking or sticking of knee*

Mechanism injury for ankle sprain

inversion

Ligament injury with inversion ankle sprain

Anterior talofibular ligament (AFTL)

Ligament injury with eversion ankle sprain

Deltoid ligament complex

Meds associated with achilles tendon rupture

Fluoroquinolones

Corticosteroids

Pathogen for osteomyelitis

staph aureus

Pathogen for osteomyelitis in puncture wound

pseudomonas

Spread of osteomyelitis in kids

Hematogenous to the femur

Spread of osteomyelitis in adults

Non hematogenous to the vertebrae

Osteomyelitis pathogen in sickle cell patients

Salmonella sp

Epidemiology for osteomyelitis

DM

IVDU

Bug for septic arthritis

staph aureus

Bug for septic arthritis in young sexually active adults

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Location of Ewing Sarcoma

femur

Xray finding for Ewing sarcoma

Onion skin periosteal reaction

Biopsy finding for ewing sarcoma

Monotonous small, round blue cells

*blue cell tumor*

Site for osteosarcoma (part of the bone)

Metaphyseal

Xray finding for osteosarcoma

sunburst pattern

Primary malignant bone tumor in children

children

Causes of gout

Thiazide diuretics

Purine rich foods (meat, seafood, alcohol)

Concomitant conditions (DM, CKD, obesity)

Arthrocentesis finding for gout

Negative birefringent needle crystals

arthrocentesis finding for pseudogout

Positive birefringent rhomboid crystals

Joint affected in gout

1st MTP

joint affected in psuedogout

knee

Symptom of osteoporosis

vertebral fracture

Disease associated with PMR

giant cell arteritis

Most common infection for reactive arthritis

Campylobacter and chlamydia

Joint most affected by reactive arthritis

knee

Symptoms of reactive arthritis

Arthritis, conjunctivitis / anterior uveitis, preceding (GU infection)

*Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree*

Joints affected with RA

MCP and PIP joints

Symptoms of bisphosphonates

Jaw osteonecrosis

Pill esophagitis

Lab findings in RA

(+) Rheumatoid factor

(+) anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP)

*anti-CCP is more sensitive*

Drugs causing SLE

Procainamide

Hydralazine

Isoniazid

Sensitive test for SLE

(+) ANA

Specific test for SLE

(+) anti-double stranded DNA

(+) anti-smith antibodies

Most common manifestation of systemic sclerosis

skin issues

Symptoms for limited systemic sclerosis

CREST

Calcinosis

Raynaud phenomenon

Esophageal dysmotility

Sclerodactyly

Telangiectasias

Lab findings for systemic sclerosis

(+) ANA-scl-70

(+) anti-centromere

Complications of systemic sclerosis

Interstitial lung disease

Pulmonary hypertension

Lab findings for sjogren's

-antiSS-A

-antiSS-B

Symptom for atopic dermatitis

pruritus

Place for atopic dermatitis

flexor surfaces

Cause of guttate psoriasi

strep

Cause of pityriasis rosea

HSV 6 or 7

Diagnosis for dermatophyte infections

KOH prep

Cause of tinea versicolor

Malasseia furfur

KOH finding for tinea versicolor

Spaghetti and meatball appearance

Cause of Erythema multiforme

HSV

Meds (sulfaonamides, NSAIDs, anticonvulsants)

Cause of SJS / TEN

sulfonamides , NSAIDs, antiepileptics (lamotrigine)

Negative nikolsky sign

Bullous pemphigoid

Erythema multiforme

Positive nikolsky sign

Pemphigus vulgaris

SJS/TEN

Type of melanoma

Superficial spreading

Symptom of melanoma

Often asymptomatic

Predictor of melanoma prognosis

depth

type of skin cancer

basal cell carcinoma

2nd most common type of skin cancer

squamous cell carcinoma

Precancerous lesion for squamous cell carcinoma

Actinic keratosis

Form of basal cell carcinoma

nodular form

Organisms involved in paronychia

Staph aureus

Strep pyogenes

Cause of cellulitis

Staph aureus

Strep pyogenes

Cause of erysipelas

Beta hemolytic strep (strep pyogenes)

Finding in eryspielas that differentiates it from cellulitis

Well demarcated

Cause of tinea corporis

Trichophyton rubrum

Cause of tinea cruris

Trichophyton rubrum

Cause of genital warts

HPV 6, 11

cause of cervical cancer

HPV 16, 18

STI in the world

Condyloma acuminatum

Location of pilonidal cyst

Gluteal cleft of the buttock

Etiology of infectious esophagitis

Candida species

Risk factor for infectious esophagitis

AIDS

Symptom of infectious esophagitis

Odynophagia

Physical exam finding for CMV infectious esophagitis

Retinitis

Complication of GERD

barrett's esophagus

*squamous to columnar*

Risk factor for adenocarcinoma (esophagus cancer)

GERD → Barrett's esophagus

Risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma (esophagus cancer)

Smoking and alcohol use

esophageal cancer in US

adenocarcinoma