CONSERVATION BIO

applied science of how to protect/maintain biological diversity

what is conservation biology

hollistic, multidisciplinary

characteristics of biology

roughly 100-1000 times higher

compared to natural rates of extinction, current rates are

it has grown dramatically, and continues to do so, intensifying natural resource demand

what is the current trend in global human population and its relevance to conservation biology?

15-25%

The US consumes what share of the worlds natural resources

conversion of land for agriculture

what is the biggest contributor to habitat/land loss over 200 years

the saiga antelopes that died because a normally harmless bacterium became lethal after abnormal humidity and heat

what illustrates that mass mortality is often the result of interactions between biological agents and environmental triggers

it can occur without obvious decline in population or species

would would loss of genetic diversity mean silent extinction

The holocene, or the anthropocene

what describes the current epoch (human influence on climate)

species whose impact on community structure is disproportionately large relative to abundance

what is a keystone species

the biological species concept

why are western/eastern meadowlarks identical, but considered distinct?

nature is a complex, interdependent system that should be managed as a whole

Aldo Leopold's Evolutionary-Ecological Land Ethic primarily emphasized

Predator abundances are more evenly distributed among species at Kruger

why is Kruger considered more diverse when both parks have equal species richness

quantify species found per sampling

A species accumulation curve is used primarily to

was the first federal wildlife law

The 1900 Lacey Act was significant because it

hybridization can dilute or displace a genetically distinct, endangered lineage 

The California tiger salamander primarily complicates conservation because

Decisions today should sustain the world into the future

The Iroquois "Seventh Generation Principle" reflects which conservation idea?

To maximize short-term economic return from natural resources

conservation biology as a field has three core goals. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

are value-based statements

In Soulé's framework for conservation biology, "normative postulates" differ from "functional postulates" in that normative postulates

8.7 million, with the majority of those on land

approximately how many total species are estimated to exist on Earth?

Prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria)

Which group remains the most poorly known in terms of total diversity

biological tissue can be built without relying on sunlight as the energy source

the discovery of bacterial chemosynthesis at deep-sea hydrothermal vents was significant because

was thought extinct for millions of years before being rediscovered in the Indian Ocean

The coelacanth is a notable conservation 'success story' because

average temperature and annual precipitation

Earth's terrestrial surface is divided into biogeographic realms, which are in turn composed of biomes that are predictably determined by

the rapid diversification of multicellular animals

The Cambrian explosion refers to which event

allele frequencies change fastest and are most likely to be lost or fixed in smaller populations

Simulations that track allele frequencies in populations of different sizes illustrates what pattern regarding genetic drift

true

Some of the most diverse ecoregions on the planet have the smallest physical footprint

TRUE

Biodiversity is unequally distributed across the planet.

feed and nest in different parts of the same tree, reducing competition

several species that all search for insects on the same tree are able to coexist because they

Moral value

I believe all species have a right to exist, not just humans

Indirect use

A wetland that absorbs floodwaters and protects a nearby town provides which type of instrumental value?

the intrinsic value of nature and the right of native species to exist

Bolivia's Law of the Rights of Mother Earth is significant because it leally recognized

productive use value

Fish and shellfish harvested from the wild and sold in city markets are an example of

option value

Bioprospecting is most closely tied to which value?

the value and satisfaction people gain from connecting with other life forms

Nature documentaries such as Planet Earth are used as environmental education to promote biophilia, which is best associated with

ecocentric

An ethical worldview that places moral value on entire ecosystems, including nonliving components such as rivers and mountains

biodiversity and ecosystem function, ecological economics, assessment

The term ecosystem services includes the convergence of what areas of study

humans have changed ecosystems more rapidly from 1950-2000s than any other time

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment finding 1

ecosystem changes contribute to substantial gains in human well being at great costs

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment finding 2

degradation of ecosystem services will likely get worse

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment finding 3

significant national/international policy changes are needed to reverse damages

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment finding 4

the direct-use, materials we get

what is provisioning

the indirect use services

what is regulating

food, fuel, feed, fibers, pharmaceuticals

examples of provisioning services

pollination, air/soil quality

examples of regulating services

aesthetic, recreational, and touristic purposes

what is cultural services

resource/biomass capture, decomposition

what is supporting services

how algae separated themselves in a closed system

what is “niche partitioning”

the more diverse an ecosystem, the less infection affects population

what is the “Dilution Effect”

if in sync, less stable; if out of sync, stable

describe asynchronous dynamics

the price of natural resources paid for by the people, not the business

what are externalities

human rights

what is the anthropocentric world view?

animal/species rights

what is the biocentric world view

environment rights

what is the ecocentric world view

ethical value

i believe it is unethical to inflict pain on another living being

religious value

my creator charged me with good stewardship of His creation

intrinsic and instrumental

two types of value systems

direct use

the ocean provides fish for me and my family to eat

indirect use

wetlands control flooding/protect my community

option value

rainforests may hold the cure to illness threatening society

non-use

i want my children to enjoy/benefit from nature like I have

Provide biodiversity knowledge of indigenous

inhabitants

what is Bioprospecting

barrier separates population

what is allopatric speciation

population breaks off and starts anew

what is peripatric speciation

partial special separation

what is parapatric speciation

population cannot interbreed anymore

what is sympatric speciation

species found in one place

what are endemic species

intrinsic value of nature

what was the preservation ethic

greatest good, greatest number of people for longest time

what was the resource conservation ethic

created first nat’l park system

what did teddy roosevelt do