ANT101 exam 2

why dont more humans eat bugs?

size of the bug is much more in hotter regions making it meaningful calories wise.

taboo

A social or cultural restriction that discourages the consumption of certain foods, such as insects

Saf Sap in Senegal

women use it to enhance flavor in dishes, seen as almost a taboo for it is not what is typically used in the culture

what is a food system

Story of self sustainaing in India

Maintain often through sustainable agricultural practices after being cut off from the outside via landslides consistently.

dont need the modern world

food apartheid

the systemic inequalities in access to healthy food, often based on race and location. Better than food desert

food sovereignty

power of community to control food.

food insecure

lacking reliable access to sufficient quantities of affordable nutritious food usually due to poverty.

food swamp

An area with an overabundance of unhealthy food options, typically fast food and processed foods, making it difficult to find healthy choices.

corporate tomato

A tomato cultivated by large agribusinesses, often associated with industrial farming practices, that prioritizes yield and profitability over sustainability and flavor.

What are US food systems?

Far more industrialized than other countries

Green revolution

A period of agricultural transformation in the mid-20th century, characterized by the introduction of high-yielding crop varieties, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and advancements in irrigation techniques, aimed at increasing food production.

market concentration

The degree to which a small number of firms dominate a particular market, often resulting in reduced competition and increased pricing power.

vertical integration

A business strategy where a company controls multiple stages of production or supply chain processes, often to increase efficiency and reduce costs.

contract farming

farmers are contracted to produce specific crops or animals for corporations, often guaranteeing a market and price for their products.

externalized costs

Costs that are not reflected in the price of goods or services, often borne by society or the environment, leading to issues like pollution or resource depletion.

harmful effects of factory farming

• large ammount of fecess

• run off

• harmful effects to animals

• harmful effects for humans (usually economic or work conditions)

bracero programs

Temporary labor programs that allowed Mexican workers to work in the US agricultural sector, primarily during the World War II era to address labor shortages.

the farm bill

funding pack via subsidies for farmers every 5 years

ultra processed food

Food products that have undergone extensive industrial processing and contain additives like preservatives,

globalization

the process of increased interconnectedness among countries relating to food

Kaperta road

a significant roadway in the context of food production and transportation in agricultural regions in africa

food availability

sufficent quantities of food to meet the dietary needs of a population.

utilzation of food

proper use of food to meet nutrition needs

stability

the ability to consistently access food over time without disruption.

agency of food

control over the food system by people that consume it

water sharing

occurs all over africa

generalized reciprocity

generaized reciprocity

is a form of exchange where individuals give resources without expecting an immediate return, promoting social bonds.

balenced reciprocity

expectation of return within a specific time frame

stages of economics

production → exchange → consumption

homoeconomics

humans are rational beings and are moving for utilization in economics- Adam Smith

Kula ring

a ceremonial exchange system of the Trobriand Islanders that involves the exchange of shell valuables and helps to establish social ties.

horti culture

the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants in gardens or small plots.

slash and burn techniques

use land for a while then move on

pastoralism

a form of agriculture focused on raising livestock for food and other products, often involving the seasonal movement of herds to find fresh pastures.

domestic production

the process of producing goods and services within a household or local community

tributary production

produced for a higher class

capitalist production

the production of goods and services for profit within a capitalist economic system, characterized by private ownership and market competition.

karl polayni principles

capitalist markers

• iterms are bought aand sold

redistribution

• gathering and then giving back

reciprocity

• giving and getting between equals

• generalized, balanced,

• and negative- one party trying to exploit

potlatch

indigenous gift giving and sharing in PNW

world systems theory

core

• 1st world capitalist countries

semi periphary

• connect both

periphary

• creates products or resources to send to core

imperialism

nation seeks to extend influence

colonization

process of establishing control over a territory and its people, often leading to settlement

why multi species anthro matters

helps show humans situation

shows our interdependence

glen corp

company exploiting resources in zambia

zambia

cooper rich country that is very poor due to exploitation

effects of mining

acid rain

hard working conditions

leaking into water

killing people and animals

environmental anthropology

studies the impacts of climate change, environmental injsutice, and the environment on humans

cultural ecology

certain cultures have differences based on the different environments they exist in

multispecies anthropology

study relationships between humans and non humans

degullan

cultural group of blacks in the south

had resilience to mosquito borne illnesses

helped them thrive after and during slavery

anthropocentrism

an outlook that emphasizes human interests and importance over other species.

personhood of the natural world

gives rights to rivers, mountains and more

sociopetaal

organized to connect people

sociofugal

organized to keep people seperate

proxemics

study of space and how we use it

fixed features

Aspects of the environment that are stable and do not change, such as walls and buildings.

semi fixed features

Aspects of the environment that can be rearranged or modified, such as furniture and partitions.

space versus place

measurable place with no meaning

vs

refers to the cultural value of place

social constructure

we construct place

desire paths are an example