SCIENCE SUMMATIVE PRACTICE

Solute

The substance that is dissolved, such as salt or sugar.

Solvent

The liquid substance that dissolves the solute, for example, water.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture formed when a solute completely dissolves in a solvent.

Unsaturated Solution

Contains less solute than the maximum limit that the solvent can dissolve at a specific temperature.

Saturated Solution

Contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute possible at a given temperature.

Supersaturated Solution

Contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature, highly unstable.

Solubility Curve

A graph that shows the relationship between the solubility of a substance and temperature.

Simple Distillation

A technique used to separate a liquid solvent from a non-volatile dissolved solid solute based on differences in boiling points.

Fractional Distillation

A separation technique for miscible liquids with close boiling points using a fractionating column.

Evaporation

A method to recover a dissolved solid from a solution by heating until the liquid turns into gas.

Magnetic Separation

A method to separate magnetic substances from non-magnetic materials in a mixture.

Centrifugation

A technique that separates substances of differing densities suspended in a liquid using centrifugal force.

Sublimation

A process where a substance transitions directly from solid to gas without becoming liquid.

Filtration

A method used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid suspension.

Paper Chromatography

A technique to separate small amounts of dissolved substances based on differing solubilities and adsorption.