Unit 1.1 Test PLTW PBS

Steps to Experimental Design

Identify the question, make a prediction, design an experiment, conduct the experiment, analyze the data, communicate findings.

Independent Variable/Manipulated Variable

The cause

Dependent Variable/Responding Variable

Effect/outcome that you measure

Confirmatory Test

Identifies which substance is present

Presumptive Test

Identifies that there is a substance present

CRAAP Test

Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose

Antigens

A protein that is a foreign substance

Antibodies

Y-shaped protein produced by immune system that identifies and harms antigens

Difference between DNA, chromatin, and chromosomes

All contain the same genetic material (Deoxyribonucleic acid), Chromatin is a loose form of DNA that is easily read for gene expression, Chromosomes are the tightly and neatly packed form of DNA that is created before cell division.

What makes DNA different from person to person?

Base pair sequences

What does A bond with?

T

What does C bond with?

G

What are Restriction Enzymes?

Protein produced by bacteria that acts as molecular scissors and cuts DNA molecules at sequence specific sites.

What’s an RFLP?

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism is the result of using.a restriction enzyme on DNA.

What’s an enzyme?

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in organisms.

Why is DNA negatively charged?

because the phosphate groups in DNA are negatively charged

Nucleus

Stores, organizes, and protects genetic material in the cell.

RIbosome

Makes proteins

Vesicle

membrane-bound sacs that store, transport, or break down molecules

Golgi

modifies, sorts, and folds proteins

Vacuole

acts as a storage compartment in cells for water, manages waste

Lysosome

breaks down excess and worn out cell parts

Mitochondrion

Makes ATP, makes energy in the cells

Cytoplasm

substance that ribosomes float in

Cytoskeleton

gives a cell its shape, organizes its internal components

Cell Wall

protective outer layer

Chloroplast

conducts photosynthesis in plants

Cilia/flagellum

Microscopic hair-like projections/a tail that can help a cell move

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

makes, folds, and modifies proteins, has ribosomes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

makes, folds, and modifies proteins, does NOT have ribosomes

Process used to make copies of DNA

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)