evil lab pratical

What Symptom?

leaf spots (circular lesions)

What symptom?

leaf blotch (irregular lesions)

What is leaf blight?

severe and rapid discoloration

what is a canker?

sunken necrotic lesions

what is damping off?

rapid death of a seeding

Glucose Test

Test to see if a pathogen can metabolize glucose in anerobic and aerobic conditions. Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato will not be able to (green + yellow). Pectobacterium carotovorum can (yellow + yellow).

Symptoms: sheperd’s crook, branch canker, water soaking

Erwinia amylovoroa

Every single bacteria here is gram negative except…?

Bacterial canker of tomato (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis)

bacterial ooze is a sign of which disease

erwinia amylovora

eriwina overwinters as:

epiphytes on blossoms, in branch cankers

Erwinia amylovora causes

Fire Blight

Fire Blight is caused by

Erwinia amylovora

How does Fire Blight (Erwinia amylovora) spread

insects (bees)

Disease management for Erwinia amylovora

Prune affected areas, disinfect, antibiotics, blightban (competitve pseudomonas)

Black rot of crucifers is caused by…?

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris causes…?

Black rot of crucifer

Symptoms: V-shaped lesions, black ring in stem, decay

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

How does Xanthomonas overwinter?

in/on seeds, plant debris

How does Xanthomonas spread

contact with seed, water, infection through hydathodes 

What color colonies are black rot of crucifers?

slimy yellow

how to manage xanthomonas?

clean seed, hot water treatment, crop rotation

Pst is….

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato causes…?

Bacterial speck of tomatoes

Bacterial speck of tomatoes is caused by

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

what do the colonies of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato look like

creamy colonies

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato metabolic capabiltiies

obligate aerobe

Glucose test for Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

Green + yellow

Angular dark brown lesions with yellow halos, likely to go along the vein

bacterial speck of tomatoes

Bacterial canker of tomato is caused by

Clavibacter

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis

Bacterial canker of tomato

KOH test for Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis

Negative (no string)

Symptom of bacterial canker of tomato?

birds eye spot, stem canker, decay

Clavibacter primary inoculum?

seeds

what is this

bacterial canker of tomato (clavibacter)

Crown gall is caused by

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

crown gall

Where are the galls for Agrobacterium tumefaciens

near the soil line

what growth is Agrobacterium tumefaciens’s galls?

autonomous (insert genome)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens overwinters as?

galls and soil

this is?

crown gall

Pseudomonas savastanoi causes?

olive knot

olive knot is caused by?

Pseudomonas savastanoi

where are the knots located in olive knot?

above the trees in branches, twigs, etc.

what type of growth are the tumors in olive knot?

nonautonomous (will not grow without bacteria)

how does Pseudomonas savastanoi overwinter?

galls and Ephiphytes on leaf and twigs

Bacterial soft rot is caused by?

Pectobacterium carotovorum

Pectobacterium carotovorum causes?

Bacterial soft rot

what is this

bacterial soft rot

which genus of bacteria will glow in a florescent test?

pseudomonas

the florescence test came back negative. which bacteria is this?

Pectobacterium carotovorum (bacterial soft rot)

Tobacco Hypersensitivity Test is positive

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

Tobacco Hypersensitivity Test is negative

pseudomonas fluorescens

Glucose test comes back as yellow + yellow

Pectobacterium carotovorum (Bacterial soft rot)

Glucose test is green + yellow

Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato (bacterial speck of tomato)

what structure is this? what fungi has this? what type of reproduction?

sporodochium. Monilinia f and laxa. asexual

fruit mummification is caused by?

Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia laxa

canker, blighting, fruit rot

Monilinia fructicola

what is this? what group has this?

asci. ascomycete group.

what type of structure is this?

Apothecia. sexual fruiting structure

Taphrina deformans causes

peach leaf curl

peach leaf curl is caused by

Taphrina deformans

what structure is this?

naked asci

what disease usually has naked asci?

peach leaf curl (Taphrina deformans)

what fungus has dimorphic growth?

Taphrina deformans (peach leaf curl)

what is dimorphic growth?

has a yeast and filamentous stage

what is the yeast phase for?

overwintering and surviving outside of the plant

what is the filamentous stage for?

infection inside the plant

Apple scab is caused by

Venturia inaequalis

Venturia inaequalis causes

apple scab

what is this symptom?

apple scab, it is lesions that look like it scabs over

what conidia is this for?

brown rot (Monilinia)

Monilinia causes…?

brown rot

brown rot is caused by?

Monilinia

what is this?

conidia formed from subcuticular mycelium, noticeable in Venturia inaequalis (apple scab)

what is this?

a ruptured cuticle

what structure is this

Pseudothecium. noticeable in Venturia inaequalis (apple scab)

what is this?

Chasmothecia. Sexual fruiting body of all powdery mildews

conidia chains are caused by…?

powdery mildew

what type of lifestyle does powdery mildew have?

obligate parasite (needs host)

what is this used for?

haustoria (used to take up nutrients)

general disease cycle for powdery mildew

ascospore/conidia → appressorium → enzyme release → haustoria (does not penetrate epidermal cell membrane) → fungus grows on surface → formation of conidiospores

whats this

cleistothecia. powdery mildew

what’s inside?

asci

Powdery mildew of rose

Podosphaera

Podosphaera pannosa f. sp. rosa

powdery mildew of rose

Powdery mildew of cereals and grasses

Blumeria graminis

Blumeria graminis

Powdery mildew of cereal and grasses

Erysiphe necato

Powdery mildew of grapes

Powdery mildew of grapes

Erysiphe necato

what group has this?

alternia

what group has these?

Botrytis

what group has these?

Botrytis

Botrytis causes

gray mold

these are?

apothecia. Black spot of rose and brown rot

what is this?

Perithecia. ergot of cereal and grasses

Symptoms: Sticky liquid that looks like honeydew (contains conidia) with Scherotia develop in place of kernels

ergot of cereal and grasses

ergot of cereal and grasses

Claviceps purpurea

Claviceps purpurea

ergot of cereal and grasses

what is this?

pycnidia (Dry). septoria leaf spots and blight

what is this?

pycnidia (wet). septoria leaf spots and blight