Animal nutrients vitamin

What is A vitamin major functions

Bone formation (mucopolysaccharide
release); vision (rhodopsin); epithelial tissue maintenance; glucose synthesis (adrenocortical hormones)

What is A vitamin deficiency symptoms

Xerophthalmia; night blindness; hyper- keratosis; skeletal lesions and bone
remodeling; reproductive failures

What is D vitamin major functions

Bone formation (Ca absorption, P absorption from renal tubules; osteoblast formation and calcification); CHO metabolism (phosphorylation)

What is D vitamin deficiency symptoms

Rickets (growing period); osteomalacia (adults); Soft egg shells

What is E vitamin major functions

Antioxidant; muscle structure (muscle dystrophy); reproduction (seminiferous epithelium )

What is E vitamin deficiency symptoms

Muscle dystrophy; encephalomalacia;
dystrophy); exudative diathesis; reproductive failures; steatites

What is K vitamin major functions

Prothrombin formation and blood clotting

What is K vitamin deficiency symptoms

Spontaneous hemorrhages and increased blood clotting time with lowered prothrombin levels

What is thiamine vitamin major functions

thiamine pyrophosphate decarboxylation of a-keto acids; transketolase reactions

What is thiamine vitamin deficiency symptoms

Polyneuritis and convulsions (head retraction in chickens); cardiovascular disturbances; beriberi (humans); anorexia and emaciation

What is Riboflavin vitamin major functions

flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD); dehydrogenase (hydrogen acceptance); important in CHO and protein metabolism

What is Riboflavin vitamin deficiency symptoms

ecodermal lesions; dermatitis and hair loss; curled toe paralysis in birds; moon blindness in horses; leg troubles in pigs

What is pantothenic acid vitamin major functions

Coenzyme A; acyl transfer

What is pantothenic acid vitamin deficiency symptoms

Dermatitis, loss of hair and greying of hair; spastic gait, goose- stepping or posterior incoordination and paralysis; enteritis; poor growth and reproduction

What is Niacin vitamin major functions

Constituent of coenzymes, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

What is Niacin vitamin deficiency symptoms

3 D's dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia; pellagra in humans; irritability; inflamation and ulceration of mouth, tongue and digestive tract (black tongue in dog)

What is Pyridoxine vitamin major functions

pyridoxal phosphate; amnio acid decarboxylation transamination and removal of sulfhydryl gorups; red blood cell formation

What is Pyridoxine vitamin deficiency symptoms

Convulsions; neuritis and hypeirritability; hypochromic- microytic anemia; increased excretion of xanthurenic acid

What is biotin vitamin major functions

Carboxyladse; carboxylation; B- decarboxylation; CO2 fixation

What is biotin vitamin deficiency symptoms

Dermatitis and loss of hair (spectacle eyein rats and mice); perosis in chicks

What is folacin vitamin major functions

One carbon carrier; related to B12 metabolism

What is folacin vitamin deficiency symptoms

Macrocytic anemia and leukopenia; cervical paralysis in turkeys

What is Choline vitamin major functions

Methyl donor; lipotropic substance; constituent of acetylcholine and phospholipids ( nerve impulses )

What is Choline vitamin deficiency symptoms

Fatty liver and kidney degeneration; poor reproduction and lactation in swine

What is B12 vitamin major functions

Labile methyl group metabolism; isomerization reactions; closely linked with folacin

What is B12 vitamin deficiency symptoms

Macrocytic anemia with megaloblastic marrow; neurological disturbances; hatching problems in chicks

What is C vitamin major functions

Collagen formation; hydrogen transport

What is C vitamin deficiency symptoms

Scurvy- slow wound heeling, spongy gums, swollen joints, hemorrh