Dance History Exam 2 - Dance In the Middle Ages and Renaissance

Dance In The Middle Ages and Renaissance - New Dance…..

flourishes with the development of the Christian Church reform in Europe

Dance In The Middle Ages and Renaissance - what dances are are banished?

Theatrical dance and pantomime

Dark Ages (400 C.E. - 1100 C.E.) - seperation of….

religion and entertainment

Dark Ages (400 C.E. - 1100 C.E.) - what did the Hebrews establish?

2 types: religious, pagan

Dark Ages (400 C.E. - 1100 C.E.) - Christianity

grew out of Pagan rituals so they adopted aspects of the rites and customs

Dark Ages (400 C.E. - 1100 C.E.) - Christian Holy days…

were also scheduled on the same day at Pagan festivals

Dark Ages - what is Body Politics?

Pagans at one with their expressive body, Christianity deems immoral

Dark Ages - Dance As a Means Of Religious Worship Begins - what did they need to convert people from Pagan to Christianity?

ritual bc that is what they were used to, thus ring dance, choral singing and dancing were implemented

Dark Ages - Dance As a Means Of Religious Worship Begins - what did it say in the Bible?

that people joined Jesus hand by hand in a circle with him

Middle Ages (1100 - 1453 A.D.) - Fall of Rome…

into nation states (426 C.E.)

Middle Ages (1100 - 1453 A.D.) - two forms of dance arise…

dance was seem as immoral bc Catholicism was new way of life

Middle Ages - Religious Dance

(connected to Christian ceremony) Christian dance only had circle dances and dance as part of sermons

Middle Ages - Church Festivals

(not connected to Christian ceremony, Pagan) perfomed by Monks, Choir Boys, Younger Priests as rebellion to strictness

Dance Processions - France and Germany (700-800 C.E.)

• Mystery Plays

• Mircle Plays

• Morality Plays

Dance Processions - France and Germany - Mystery Plays

based on events in the Old and New Testament

Dance Processions - France and Germany - Mircle Plays

based on lives of saints of martyrs

Morality Plays

based on depicting the truth of moral behavior, good and evil

Dance Processions - France and Germany - To ward off…

pain or epidemics - movements or rhythmic steps, sacrel dances throughout churches, greetings, bows, turns advancing, retreating

Dance of Death (1300-1400 C.E.) - was this religious?

no

Dance of Death (1300-1400 C.E.) - began in…

France filtered into Germany, Italy, Spain, England

Dance of Death (1300-1400 C.E.) - what was it"?

Basically dancing in graves to prevent dead from haunting you

Dance of Death - how do we know?

• songs, poems, drama, murals, vaults

• reveals preoccupation with death during this period

• the dead were seen as a threat to the living

• vampires, werewolves, ghosts - preventative measures implicated

• actually represented social classes distaste of Christian rule, start of democracy

Dance of Death - what did Backman say?

“among pritmitive peoples, the dead often were regarded as dangerous and hostile to living. Also said that music exorcised the dead forced them into compliance at being taken in the grave and prevented them from walking again: Church bells were thought to drive demons away and to comfort + protect the dead.”

Dance of Death - what did Henri Stegmaier say?

“actually a Dance of the Dead in which dead bodies lure the living from the various ranks of society in their midnight frolic. Later, the dead are concieved of no longer corpses, but each as the personified figure of death himself.”

Witch Dances

• paid homage to the devil

• Ring Dances

Tarantism

• seizure - like dance thought to be result of a traantula bite

• later called “tarantella” to revert the bite of a tarantula as a remedy

• continuted the tradition in Italian folk dances, you have in ballet!

St. Johns Dance (1000 - 1300 C.E.)

• dance in wild delirium to protect themselves from the dead

• wild leaping, turning, mimicking suffering, uncontrollable, foaming at mouth

Danceomania (1518 C.E.)

• dancing mania, dancing madness that sent people through the streets and villiages dancing and gyrating until they died of exhaustion

• not sure if it was plaque, war, illness or psychosis

Dance although condemned….

there were still wandering entertainers

Who said this? - “they were never really able to suppress popular church dances”

Backman

Peasent Dance

• singers, poets, dancers, musicians, actors, jugglers

• wandering through villiage squares

• performed in castles and chateaus

Two Types of Medieval Dance

• The Round Dance

• The Couple Dance

The Round Dance/Carole (Reigen/Chorea or Carole)

large chain of dancers moving in an open and closed circle connected at the elbow, linked arms

The Couple Dance

popular in the 1400’s bc still considered scandalous

What does Renaissance mean?

“rebirth”

Renaissance - Court Dance (1350 C.E. - 1600 C.E.) - what did nobilty do?

copied peasant dances, but in a more refined form

Renaissance - Court Dance (1350 C.E. - 1600 C.E.) - grown restricted movement, hinders dance vocab

• small steps, gliding, posing, curtseying

• filtrations through posturing and preening

• basse dances

• gliding, large step, connected to the floor bc of the smooth wood or polished marble

• precise group formations

What are Basse Dances?

low to the floor

Renaissance - Court Dance (1350 C.E. - 1600 C.E.) - rise of capitalist class produced patrons of….

learning art, art no longer had to justify itself through religious content

Renaissance - Court Dance (1350 C.E. - 1600 C.E.) - dance starts to…

to be accpeted in society

Renaissance - Court Dance (1350 C.E. - 1600 C.E.) - what new profession developed?

dance master

Renaissance Influence - transition between…

medieval world and modern age

Renaissance Influence - what does Renaissance/”ribirth” describing?

revival of the arts of Ancient Greece and Rome, philosophy and scholarship

Renaissance Influence - more of a ______ view

rational and scientific

Renaissance Influence - expanision of what and where

travel and commerce in Europe

Renaissance Influence - what was invented?

printing, allowed for distribution of musical scores

Renaissance Influence - what is now a characteristic of long melodic structure?

music

Renaissance Influence - what was the revival?

interest in mythology, ancient history and great heros of past

Beginnings of Court Dance - two categories

• Basse dances

• Haute dances

Beginnings of Court Dance - what were Basse Dances?

feet did not leave the floor

Beginnings of Court Dance - what were Haute Dances?

higher skips + jumps

End of the 16th century - what is established?

• rules for dance steps

• specific music for each dance

• dance vocabulary + patterns

End of the 16th century - music development brought or the need for?

contrasting rhythms and forms

End of the 16th century - what was a musical suite/sonata?

composers grouping musical sections in a specfic order

End of the 16th century - dances

• Galliard

• Canary

• Allememande

• Contredance

• Minuet

Dances by Century - Late Renaissance: 1500’s

• Reverance

• Contineza

• Galliard

• Canary

Dances by Century - Late Renaissance: 1500’s - Reverance

bow to eachother

Dances by Century - Late Renaissance: 1500’s - Galliard

virtuosic jumps, for the male dancer

Dances by Century - Late Renaissance: 1500’s - Canary

communication step of stomping

Dances by Century - Baroque: 1700’s (France) - Min

• Minuet

• Allemande

• Contredance

Dances by Century - Baroque: 1700’s (France) - Minuet

first we bow to eachother

Dances by Century - Baroque: 1700’s (France) - Allemande

handholding, partner dance

Dances by Century - Baroque: 1700’s (France) - Contredance

assemble and contretempe

Dances by Century - Romantic: Mid 1800’s

Quadrille (dance with 4 people)

Dances by Century - Victorian: Late 1800’s

• Polka

• Mazurka

• Galop

• Waltz

Dances by Century - The music had to fit the dance, true or false?

True