exam 4 week 1

function of the oral articulatory subsystem (1)

create a variable resonator that modifies the frequency of the voice (ex: vowels)

function of the oral articulatory subsystem (2)

obstruct and constrict airstream (ex: consonants)

efferent pathways

respiratory subsystem

phonatory subsystem

velopharyngeal subsystem

oral articulatory subsystem

afferent pathways

somatosensation (tactile and proprioception)

auditory

parts of the afferent somatosensation pathway

oropharyngeal

laryngeal

cervical-thoracic

difference between life breathing and speech breathing

speech breathing is quick inspiration and prolonged expiration

muscles involved in breathing

diaphragm

external/internal intercostals

abdominals

respiratory subsystem muscles

diaphragm

external/internal intercostals

rectus abdominis

external/internal obliques

transverse abdominis

action of diaphragm (respiratory subsystem)

inspiration

action of external intercostal (respiratory subsystem)

inspiration

action of internal intercostal (respiratory subsystem)

expiration

action of rectus abdominis (respiratory subsystem)

expiration

action of external oblique (respiratory subsystem)

expiration

action of internal oblique (respiratory subsystem)

expiration

action of transverse abdominis (respiratory subsystem)

expiration

diaphragm nerve innervation (respiratory subsystem)

phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

external intercostal nerve innervation (respiratory subsystem)

intercostal nerve (T1-T11)

internal intercostal nerve innervation (respiratory subsystem)

intercostal nerve (T1-T11)

rectus abdominis nerve innervation (respiratory subsystem)

lower 5 intercostal nerve (T7-T11)

subcostal nerve (T12)

external oblique nerve innervation (respiratory subsystem)

lower 5 intercostal nerve (T7-T11)

subcostal nerve (T12)

internal oblique nerve innervation (respiratory subsystem)

lower 5 intercostal nerve (T7-T11)

subcostal nerve (T12)

transverse abdominis nerve innervation (respiratory subsystem)

lower 5 intercostal nerve (T7-T11)

subcostal nerve (T12)

diaphragm motor neuron pool location

ventral horn of C3-C5

extrenal intercostal motor neuron pool location

ventral horn of T1-T11

rectus abdominis motor neuron pool location

ventral horn of T7-T12

external oblique motor neuron pool location

ventral horn of T7-T12

internal oblique motor neuron pool location

ventral horn of T7-T12

transverse abdominis motor neuron pool location

ventral horn of T7-T12

function of the phonatory subsystem (efferent)

manipulate the larynx

what is the phonatory subsystem

primarily intrinsic muscles involved in phonation

muscles of the phonatory subsystem

cricothyroid

lateral cricoarytenoid

interarytenoid

thyroarytenoid

posterior cricoarytenoid

action of cricothyroid (phonatory subsystem)

increase VF tension (increase pitch)

action of interarytenoid (phonatory subsystem)

VF adduction

action of lateral cricoarytenoid (phonatory subsystem)

VF adduction

action of thyroarytenoid (phonatory subsystem)

shorten and adduct VF

action of posterior cricoarytenoid (phonatory subsystem)

VF abduction

cricothyroid efferent nerve innervation

superior laryngeal nerve (CN X)

lateral cricoarytenoid efferent nerve innervation

recurrent laryngeal nerve (CN X)

interarytenoid efferent nerve innervation

recurrent laryngeal nerve (CN X)

thyroarytenoid efferent nerve innervation

recurrent laryngeal nerve (CN X)

posterior cricoarytenoid efferent nerve innervation

recurrent laryngeal nerve (CN X)

phonatory subsystem motor neuron pool location

nucleus ambiguus

main function of the velopharyngeal subsystem (efferent)

lower/raise the velum to couple/de-couple the nasal/oral cavities

muscles of the velopharyngeal subsystem

levator veli palatini

musculus uvulae

palatoglossus

pharyngeal constrictor

palatopharyngeus

tensor veli palatini

action of the levator veli palatini (velopharyngeal subsystem)

elevate soft palate

action of the musculus uvulae (velopharyngeal subsystem)

elevate soft palate

action of the palatoglossus (velopharyngeal subsystem)

depress soft palate

action of the pharyngeal constrictor (velopharyngeal subsystem)

constrict pharynx

action of the palatopharyngeus (velopharyngeal subsystem)

depress soft palate

action of the tensor veli palatini (velopharyngeal subsystem)

tense soft palate

levator veli palatini efferent nerve innervation

pharyngeal nerve (CN X)

musculus uvulae efferent nerve innervation

pharyngeal nerve (CN X)

palatoglossus efferent nerve innervation

pharyngeal nerve (CN X)

pharyngeal constrictor efferent nerve innervation

pharyngeal plexus (CN IX, X, XI)

palatopharyngeus efferent nerve innervation

pharyngeal plexus (CN IX, X, XI)

tensor veli palatini efferent nerve innervation

mandibular nerve (CN V)

muscles of the oral articulatory subsystem (efferent pathway) pt.1

superior longitudinal

inferior longitudinal

transversus

verticalis

genioglossus

hyoglossus

styloglossus

palatoglossus

masseter

temporalis

medial pterygoid

lateral pterygoid

muscles of the oral articulatory subsystem (efferent pathway) pt.2

mylohyoid

anterior belly of digastric

geniohyoid

orbicularis

buccinator

risorius

levator labii superior

zygomatic

levator anguli oris

mentalis

depressor labii inferior

depressor anguli oris

action of superior longitudinal (oral articulatory subsystem)

elevate tongue tip

action of inferior longitudinal (oral articulatory subsystem)

curl tongue tip down

action of transversus (oral articulatory subsystem)

narrow tongue

action of verticalis (oral articulatory subsystem)

flatten tongue

action of genioglossus (oral articulatory subsystem)

protrude tongue

action of hyoglossus (oral articulatory subsystem)

retract and depress tongue

action of styloglossus (oral articulatory subsystem)

elevate sides of the tongue

action of palatoglossus (oral articulatory subsystem)

elevate tongue

action of masseter (oral articulatory subsystem)

elevate mandible

action of temporalis (oral articulatory subsystem)

elevate mandible

action of medial pterygoid (oral articulatory subsystem)

protrude/depress mandible

action of lateral pterygoid (oral articulatory subsystem)

protrude/depress mandible

action of mylohyoid (oral articulatory subsystem)

depress mandible

action of anterior belly of digastric (oral articulatory subsystem)

depress mandible

action of geniohyoid (oral articulatory subsystem)

depress mandible

action of orbicular oris (oral articulatory subsystem)

close mouth and protrude lips

action of buccinator (oral articulatory subsystem)

compress cheek

action of risorius (oral articulatory subsystem)

retract oral angle

action of levator labii superior (oral articulatory subsystem)

elevate upper lip

action of zygomatic (oral articulatory subsystem)

raise oral angle

action of levator anguli oris (oral articulatory subsystem)

raise/protrude lower lip

action of mentalis (oral articulatory subsystem)

depress and evert lower lip

action of depressor labii inferior (oral articulatory subsystem)

depress lower lip

action of anguli oris (oral articulatory subsystem)

depress oral angle

which oral articulatory subsystem muscles innervate CN XII

superior longitudinal

inferior longitudinal

transversus

verticalis

genioglossus

hyoglossus

styloglossus

which oral articulatory subsystem muscles innervate CN X (pharyngeal nerve)

palatoglossus

which oral articulatory subsystem muscles innervate CN V (mandibular nerve)

masseter

temporalis

medial pterygoid

lateral pterygoid

mylohyoid

anterior belly of digastric

which oral articulatory subsystem muscles innervate c1 (via CN XII)

geniohyoid

which oral articulatory subsystem muscles innervate CN VII

orbicularis oris

buccinator

risorius

levator labii superior

zygomatic

levator anguli oris

mentalis

depressor labii inferior

depressor anguli oris

articulatory subsystem motor neuron pool: hypoglossal nucleus

superior longitudinal

inferior longitudinal

transversus

verticalis

genioglossus

hyoglossus

styloglossus

articulatory subsystem motor neuron pool: nucleus ambiguus

palatoglossus

articulatory subsystem motor neuron pool: trigeminal motor nucleus

temporalis

medial pterygoid

lateral pterygoid

mylohyoid

anterior belly of digastric

articulatory subsystem motor neuron pool: ventral horn of c1

geniohyoid

articulatory subsystem motor neuron pool: facial nucleus

orbicular oris