Grade 11 PKLP: Agrarian Movement of the 18th-19th Century and the Propaganda Movement

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the 18th and 19th-century Agrarian Movements, the Basi Revolt, the Secularization Controversy, the Cavite Mutiny of 1872, GOMBURZA, and the Propaganda Movement for Grade 11 PKLP.

Kilusang Agraryo ng 1745

A widespread uprising that broke out in September 1745, in which Filipinos fought collectively for land rights and against land grabbing and abuses by friar estates.

Real Audiencia

The supreme court in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era, which received grievances and appeals from citizens regarding land and governance abuses.

Don Pedro Pedro Calderon Enriquez

An official associated with the Real Audiencia who helped present the grievances of the citizens to the higher colonial government regarding agrarian abuses.

Pag-aalsang Basi (Basi Revolt)

An uprising that began on September 16, 1807 in Ilocos, sparked by the colonial government's monopoly and stringent controls over the production and sale of local wine (basi).

Pag-aalsang Ambaristo

An alternative name for the Basi Revolt of 1807, named after one of its prominent leaders, Salarogo Ambaristo.

Pedro Mateo and Salarogo Ambaristo

The leaders who organized and led the 1807 Basi Revolt in Ilocos against the colonial wine monopoly.

Monopolyo (Monopoly)

A market condition in which only a single entity sells, provides, or exercises control over a specific product or service.

Propaganda in Ancient Greek Society

A form of propaganda characterized by the use of speeches, oratory, and rhetoric to persuade and influence citizens.

Sekularisasyon (Secularization)

The process and struggle to transfer the administration and supervision of local parishes from regular priests to secular priests.

Paring Sekular (Secular Priests)

Priests who do not belong to a specific religious order and are primarily designated to manage and serve local parishes.

Paring Regular (Regular Priests)

Priests who belong to a religious order governed by specific monastic rules, such as the Dominicans and Franciscans.

Arsobispo Meliton Martinez

The Archbishop of Manila who addressed issues of secularization and highlighted the unequal treatment of native Filipino secular priests.

Carlos Maria de la Torre

A liberal Governor-General of the Philippines recognized as a democratic leader who encouraged civil liberties, abolished press censorship, and listened to citizens' grievances.

Rafael Izquierdo

The Governor-General of the Philippines from April 4, 1871 to January 8, 1873, known for his authoritarian and repressive administration termed "Kamay na Bakal" (Iron Fist).

Fuerza San Felipe

The military fort in Cavite that served as the primary site and focal point of the Cavite Mutiny on January 20, 1872.

Sgt. Fernando La Madrid

The military sergeant associated with leading the garrison troops during the Cavite Mutiny on January 20, 1872.

Polo y Servicio

A colonial system of compulsory forced labor imposed on Filipino men for government public works, cited as one of the primary causes of the Cavite Mutiny.

Heneral Felipe Ginoves

The Spanish military general who alleged that the Cavite Mutiny was intended to overthrow the Spanish colonial administration, using the claim to justify harsh military suppression.

GOMBURZA

An acronym referring to Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, who were falsely accused of complicity in the Cavite Mutiny and executed on February 17, 1872.

Garote (Garrote)

A mechanical execution device that strangles or crushes the victim's neck, used to execute the three GOMBURZA priests on February 17, 1872.

Kilusang Propaganda (Propaganda Movement)

A peaceful reform crusade launched by educated Filipino ilustrados demanding political, social, and ecclesiastical reforms from the Spanish colonial administration.

Cortes Generales

The national parliament and legislative assembly of Spain where Filipino reformists campaigned to secure Filipino representation.

Vandala

The colonial policy of compulsory sale and requisition of agricultural produce and goods from native Filipinos, which the ilustrados campaigned to abolish.

La Solidaridad

The fortnightly reformist newspaper founded on February 15, 1889 in Barcelona, Spain, to advocate Filipino interests and lobby for colonial reforms.

Quincenario

A periodical or publication that is released every fifteen days (bi-weekly/fortnightly), such as La Solidaridad.

Graciano Lopez Jaena

A prominent propagandist, orator, and writer who co-founded La Solidaridad, served as its first editor, and authored the anti-friar satire Fray Botod.

Diego Laura

The pen name (sagisag-panulat) adopted by Graciano Lopez Jaena in his writings for the Propaganda Movement.

Fray Botod

A satirical work composed by Graciano Lopez Jaena that openly exposed and criticized the greed, corruption, and abuses of certain Spanish friars.

Marcelo del Pilar

A leading reformist known as the "Dakilang Propagandista" (Great Propagandist), founder of the newspaper Diariong Tagalog, who wrote under the pen name "Plaridel."

Diariong Tagalog

A bilingual newspaper established by Marcelo H. del Pilar that examined the grievances and societal problems facing the Filipino people under colonial rule.

Plaridel

The pen name used by Marcelo H. del Pilar in his journalistic campaigns and writings against friar hegemony.

Spoliarium

A masterpiece oil painting by Filipino artist Juan Luna depicting fallen Roman gladiators being stripped of their armor and possessions.

Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho

A celebrated painting by Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo portraying the agony and humiliation of Christian virgins exposed to a hostile Roman mob.

Asosasyong Hispano-Filipino

An organization established on January 12, 1889 composed of Filipino ilustrados and Spanish allies advocating for systemic reforms in colonial governance.

La Liga Filipina

A civic society organized by Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892 aimed at unifying the archipelago into a cohesive body and advancing mutual protection and welfare.

Cuerpo de Compromisarios

A conservative civic organization established by former members of La Liga Filipina to sustain financial support for the Propaganda Movement in Spain.

Katipunan (KKK)

A secret revolutionary society established after the arrest of Jose Rizal that sought complete Philippine independence from Spain through armed revolution.

Laong Laan

One of the literary pen names used by Jose Rizal, the most prominent propagandist and author of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.