a+p organic and inorganic comps

organic compound

contain carbon, have a large, covalent bond

inorganic compounds

small, simple, don’t have carbon

water

most abundant inorganic compound

• high heat capacity

• solvent properties

• chemical reactivity

• cushioning

• absorbs and releases large amount of heat before changing temp

• often called universal solvent

• critical to many chemical reactions

hydrolysis

add water to break a bond

dehydration synthesis

lose water to make a bigger molecule

salts

chemical compound formed from reaction with acid and base

easily break apart into ions in presence of water

ions=necessary for many bodily functions

acids

any substance that released hydrogen ions in water

bases

releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

buffer

chemicals that can absorb excess H+ or OH- to keep pH level

Macromolecule

large molecule:protein, lipid, nucleic acids

• all polymers made of monomers

Carbohydrate

main energy source, used structurally, in cell signaling

• CHO in a 1:2:1 ratio

• glucose=monomer, glycogen=polymer

• monosaccharide- one sugar, monomer of carbs= glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

• disaccharide- polymer of carb, 2 monosaccharides= sucrose, lactose, maltose

• polysaccharide - large, many monosaccharides, form of stored energy, starch(plant), glycogen(animal)

Lipid

• stored energy, cushioning+insulation, forms base of cell membranes as phospholipids

• CHO

• triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

• tryglycerides=source of stored energy, made of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol

• saturated fats=only single covalent bonds, solid at room temp

• unsaturated fats=has at least one double bond, liquid at room temp

protein

over half of body’s organic matter, main structure material, vital role in cellular metabolism as enzyme, hormones and antibodies

• CHONS

• insulin, pepsin, collagen and elastin

• monomer=amino acids, order determines which protein is formed

• all have amino group, carboxyl group, and central carbon

• polymer=polypeptide

enzyme

• specialized type of protein, speeds up rate of chemical reaction by lowering activation energy

• substrates bond to enzyme, 1 substrate for 1 enzyme

nucleic acids

transmits genetic information, DNA and RNA

• CHONP

• monomer=nucleotide, composed of 5 carbon sugars phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

• DNA=ATCG, transmits genetic information, 2 strands, contains instruction for everything

• polymer=polynucleotide