Latin 6.4 & 6.7: 3a. Identify the Syntax

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §1)
Numquam sum magis dē occupātiōnibus meīs questus, quae mē nōn sunt passae aut proficīscentem tē valētūdinis causā in Campāniam prōsequī aut profectam ē vestīgiō subsequī.

Genitive + causā (means “for the sake of ___”)
In this text: “for the sake of (your) health.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §1)
Numquam sum magis dē occupātiōnibus meīs questus, quae mē nōn sunt passae aut proficīscentem tē valētūdinis causā in Campāniam prōsequī aut profectam ē vestīgiō subsequī.

Prepositional phrase (shows motion into / to a place)
In this text: “into Campania.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §1)
Numquam sum magis dē occupātiōnibus meīs questus, quae mē nōn sunt passae aut proficīscentem tē valētūdinis causā in Campāniam prōsequī aut profectam ē vestīgiō subsequī.

Idiomatic prepositional phrase (a fixed expression whose meaning isn’t literal)
In this text: “on your footsteps,” i.e. right away.

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §1)
Numquam sum magis dē occupātiōnibus meīs questus, quae mē nōn sunt passae aut proficīscentem tē valētūdinis causā in Campāniam prōsequī aut profectam ē vestīgiō subsequī.

Complementary infinitives (finish the meaning of another verb)
In this text: prōsequī and subsequī complete passae: “did not allow me to escort ... or to follow.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §1)
Numquam sum magis dē occupātiōnibus meīs questus, quae mē nōn sunt passae aut proficīscentem tē valētūdinis causā in Campāniam prōsequī aut profectam ē vestīgiō subsequī.

Deponent verbs (look passive but mean something active)
In this text: questus = complained, passae = allowed, proficīscentem = setting forth, profectam = having set forth.

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §1)
Numquam sum magis dē occupātiōnibus meīs questus, quae mē nōn sunt passae aut proficīscentem tē valētūdinis causā in Campāniam prōsequī aut profectam ē vestīgiō subsequī.

Polyptoton (the same word repeated in different forms)
In this text: shows the shift from her setting forth to her already gone.

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §2)
Nunc enim praecipuē simul esse cupiēbam, ut oculīs meīs crēderem quid vīribus quid corpusculō apparārēs, ecquid dēnique sēcessūs voluptātēs regiōnisque abundantiam inoffēnsa trānsmitterēs.

Complementary infinitive (finishes the meaning of another verb)
In this text: esse completes cupiēbam: “I was desiring to be (together).”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §2)
Nunc enim praecipuē simul esse cupiēbam, ut oculīs meīs crēderem quid vīribus quid corpusculō apparārēs, ecquid dēnique sēcessūs voluptātēs regiōnisque abundantiam inoffēnsa trānsmitterēs.

Epistolary tense (a past tense used because the letter will be read later)
In this text: by the time Calpurnia reads it, Pliny’s wish is in the past: “I was desiring.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §2)
Nunc enim praecipuē simul esse cupiēbam, ut oculīs meīs crēderem quid vīribus quid corpusculō apparārēs, ecquid dēnique sēcessūs voluptātēs regiōnisque abundantiam inoffēnsa trānsmitterēs.

Purpose clause
In this text: “so that I might trust my eyes.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §2)
Nunc enim praecipuē simul esse cupiēbam, ut oculīs meīs crēderem quid vīribus quid corpusculō apparārēs, ecquid dēnique sēcessūs voluptātēs regiōnisque abundantiam inoffēnsa trānsmitterēs.

Dative with special verb (the dative acts as the object of certain verbs)
In this text: crēdō + oculīs meīs: “trust my eyes.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §2)
Nunc enim praecipuē simul esse cupiēbam, ut oculīs meīs crēderem quid vīribus quid corpusculō apparārēs, ecquid dēnique sēcessūs voluptātēs regiōnisque abundantiam inoffēnsa trānsmitterēs.

Indirect question (a question reported inside a sentence)
In this text: “what you added to your strength and to your frail body.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §2)
Nunc enim praecipuē simul esse cupiēbam, ut oculīs meīs crēderem quid vīribus quid corpusculō apparārēs, ecquid dēnique sēcessūs voluptātēs regiōnisque abundantiam inoffēnsa trānsmitterēs.

Dative with compound verb (the dative is the thing the action is added to / done to)
In this text: “added to your strength, to your frail body.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §2)
Nunc enim praecipuē simul esse cupiēbam, ut oculīs meīs crēderem quid vīribus quid corpusculō apparārēs, ecquid dēnique sēcessūs voluptātēs regiōnisque abundantiam inoffēnsa trānsmitterēs.

Indirect question (a question reported inside a sentence)
In this text: “whether you were passing through.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §2)
Nunc enim praecipuē simul esse cupiēbam, ut oculīs meīs crēderem quid vīribus quid corpusculō apparārēs, ecquid dēnique sēcessūs voluptātēs regiōnisque abundantiam inoffēnsa trānsmitterēs.

Diminutive (a small or affectionate form of a noun)
In this text: “frail little body,” showing tenderness about her health.

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §3)
Equidem etiam fortem tē nōn sine cūrā dēsīderārem;

Potential subjunctive + implied protasis (potential = what would happen; implied protasis = a hidden “if”)
In this text: “I would miss you, even (if you were) strong.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §3)
Equidem etiam fortem tē nōn sine cūrā dēsīderārem;

Litotes (emphasis by denying the opposite)
In this text: “not without concern” = with real worry.

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §3)
est enim suspēnsum et ānxium dē eō, quem ārdentissimē dīligās, interdum nihil scīre.

Relative clause of characteristic (describes the kind of person, not one specific person)
In this text: “the one whom you love most passionately” (anyone you love that much).

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §3)
est enim suspēnsum et ānxium dē eō, quem ārdentissimē dīligās, interdum nihil scīre.

Infinitive as subject (the infinitive is what the sentence is about)
In this text: “to know nothing” is what is suspenseful and anxiety-ridden.

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §4)
Nunc vērō mē cum absentiae tum īnfirmitātis tuae ratiō incertā et variā sollicitūdine exterret.

Objective genitives (the genitive is what the noun is about or aimed at)
In this text: the thought about your absence and weakness (absence isn’t doing the thinking).

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §4)
Nunc vērō mē cum absentiae tum īnfirmitātis tuae ratiō incertā et variā sollicitūdine exterret.

Correlatives (paired words that work together)
In this text: cum ... tum = “both ... and.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §4)
Nunc vērō mē cum absentiae tum īnfirmitātis tuae ratiō incertā et variā sollicitūdine exterret.

Hyperbaton (words that belong together are split apart for emphasis)
In this text: “terrifies” is held back until the end for emphasis.

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §4)
Nunc vērō mē cum absentiae tum īnfirmitātis tuae ratiō incertā et variā sollicitūdine exterret.

Ablative of means
In this text: “with uncertain and various worry.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §4)
Vereor omnia, imāginor omnia, quaeque nātūra metuentium est, ea maximē mihi, quae maximē abōminor, fingō.

Anaphora + asyndeton (anaphora = repetition; asyndeton = no “and”)
In this text: the repeated omnia with no “and” feels rushed and anxious.

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §4)
Vereor omnia, imāginor omnia, quaeque nātūra metuentium est, ea maximē mihi, quae maximē abōminor, fingō.

Substantive participle (a participle used as a noun)
In this text: “of those fearing.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §4)
Vereor omnia, imāginor omnia, quaeque nātūra metuentium est, ea maximē mihi, quae maximē abōminor, fingō.

Demonstrative & relative alignment (“those things” is explained by the “which” clause)
In this text: “those things which I especially abhor.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §5)
Quō impēnsius rogō ut timōrī meō cottīdiē singulīs vel etiam bīnīs epistulīs cōnsulās.

Indirect command (reports a request or command)
In this text: “I ask that you console my fear.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §5)
Quō impēnsius rogō ut timōrī meō cottīdiē singulīs vel etiam bīnīs epistulīs cōnsulās.

Special verb + dative (the dative acts as the object of certain verbs)
In this text: “console my fear.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §5)
Quō impēnsius rogō ut timōrī meō cottīdiē singulīs vel etiam bīnīs epistulīs cōnsulās.

Ablative of means
In this text: “with one or even two letters.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §5)
Erō enim sēcūrior dum lēgō, statimque timēbō cum lēgerō. Valē.

Temporal cum clause (a cum clause that only tells when)
In this text: “after I have read (it).”

Identify the bold grammar (6.4 §5)
Erō enim sēcūrior dum lēgō, statimque timēbō cum lēgerō. Valē.

Paradox / antithesis (two opposite ideas set against each other)
In this text: untroubled while reading, afraid the moment he finishes.

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §1)
Scrībis tē absentiā meā nōn mediocriter afficī ūnumque habēre sōlācium, quod prō mē libellōs meōs teneās, saepe etiam in vestīgiō meō collocēs.

Indirect statement (reports what someone said, wrote, or thought)
In this text: “You write that you have been affected and that you have (one solace).”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §1)
Scrībis tē absentiā meā nōn mediocriter afficī ūnumque habēre sōlācium, quod prō mē libellōs meōs teneās, saepe etiam in vestīgiō meō collocēs.

Litotes (emphasis by denying the opposite)
In this text: “not ordinarily” = very much.

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §1)
Scrībis tē absentiā meā nōn mediocriter afficī ūnumque habēre sōlācium, quod prō mē libellōs meōs teneās, saepe etiam in vestīgiō meō collocēs.

Ablative of cause
In this text: “by / because of my absence.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §1)
Scrībis tē absentiā meā nōn mediocriter afficī ūnumque habēre sōlācium, quod prō mē libellōs meōs teneās, saepe etiam in vestīgiō meō collocēs.

Substantive appositive clause (a clause that explains the noun right before it)
In this text: explains her one solace: “namely that you hold my books in place of me.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §1)
Scrībis tē absentiā meā nōn mediocriter afficī ūnumque habēre sōlācium, quod prō mē libellōs meōs teneās, saepe etiam in vestīgiō meō collocēs.

Idiomatic prepositional phrases (fixed expressions whose meaning isn’t literal)
In this text: prō mē = “in place of me”; in vestīgiō meō = “in my place (spot).”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §2)
Grātum est quod nōs requīris, grātum quod hīs fōmentīs adquiēscis;

Substantive noun clause with quod (a clause that acts like a noun: “the fact that ...”)
In this text: “(the fact) that you miss me” is what is pleasing.

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §2)
Grātum est quod nōs requīris, grātum quod hīs fōmentīs adquiēscis;

Poetic / literary plural (a plural that means a singular)
In this text: nōs = “me.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §2)
Grātum est quod nōs requīris, grātum quod hīs fōmentīs adquiēscis;

Metaphor
In this text: his books are salves that soothe her pain of missing him.

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §2)
invicem ego epistulās tuās lēctitō atque identidem in manūs quasi novās sūmō.

Frequentative verb (shows an action done over and over)
In this text: “I read again and again.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §2)
invicem ego epistulās tuās lēctitō atque identidem in manūs quasi novās sūmō.

Conditional clause of comparison (compares to an imagined situation: “as if”)
In this text: “as if (they were) new.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §3)
Sed eō magis ad dēsīderium tuī accendor:

Ablative of degree of difference (shows by how much something is more or less)
In this text: “by this (much) the more.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §3)
Sed eō magis ad dēsīderium tuī accendor:

Objective genitive (the genitive is what the noun is about or aimed at)
In this text: “desire for you.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §3)
Sed eō magis ad dēsīderium tuī accendor:

Metaphor (fire)
In this text: “I am inflamed”: her letters set his desire on fire instead of satisfying it.

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §3)
nam cuius litterae tantum habent suāvitātis, huius sermōnibus quantum dulcēdinis inest!

Partitive genitives (shows the whole that an amount comes from)
In this text: “so much (of) sweetness,” “how much (of) sweetness.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §3)
nam cuius litterae tantum habent suāvitātis, huius sermōnibus quantum dulcēdinis inest!

Correlatives (paired words that work together)
In this text: tantum ... quantum = “so much ... how much.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §3)
nam cuius litterae tantum habent suāvitātis, huius sermōnibus quantum dulcēdinis inest!

Correlative relative clauses (“whose” and “this one” refer to the same person)
In this text: cuius (“whose”) ... huius (“of this one / her”).

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §3)
nam cuius litterae tantum habent suāvitātis, huius sermōnibus quantum dulcēdinis inest!

Dative with compound verb (the dative is the thing the action is in / added to)
In this text: “is in the conversations.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §3)
Tū tamen quam frequentissimē scrībe, licet hoc ita mē dēlectet ut torqueat. Valē.

Superlative adverb with quam (means “as ___ as possible”)
In this text: “as frequently as possible.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §3)
Tū tamen quam frequentissimē scrībe, licet hoc ita mē dēlectet ut torqueat. Valē.

Imperative
In this text: a direct command: “write!”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §3)
Tū tamen quam frequentissimē scrībe, licet hoc ita mē dēlectet ut torqueat. Valē.

Concessive clause (means “although”)
In this text: “although this (should) delight me.”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §3)
Tū tamen quam frequentissimē scrībe, licet hoc ita mē dēlectet ut torqueat. Valē.

Result clause (shows the result or consequence of the main action)
In this text: “in such a way that it torments (me).”

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §3)
Tū tamen quam frequentissimē scrībe, licet hoc ita mē dēlectet ut torqueat. Valē.

Paradox (two opposite ideas true at once)
In this text: her letters delight him and torment him, because they remind him she is gone.

Identify the bold grammar (6.7 §3)
Tū tamen quam frequentissimē scrībe, licet hoc ita mē dēlectet ut torqueat. Valē.

Imperative
In this text: “Goodbye,” literally “be well.” Meaningful because Calpurnia is sick.