Chem exam 2

combustion reaction format

______ + O2(g) --> CO2(g) + H2O(g)

what is the piece of combustion reaction format that is inserted?

the fuel source

equation for percent yield

actual/theoretical x 100

define solution.

combo of two other parts
solvent and solute
homogenous mixture

define solute.

small amt
dissolves in a solvent to create solution

define solvent.

larger amt of solution

what is an aqueous solution?

dissolve something in water

define soluble.

dissolves in water

define insoluble.

does not dissolve in water

how do ionic compounds connect?

in lattice structures

what kind of interactions does water interrupt?

solute solute interaction

what is an example of electronegativity?

oxygen wants more electrons

what is the equation for molarity?

M = mol solute/liters solution

what is the equation for solution dilution?

M1V1 = M2V2

define concentration.

how much solute in a solution

define dilute.

more solvent

define concentrated.

more solute

define molarity.

how many moles of solute

what does an electrolyte solution do?

conduct current

what does a non electrolyte solution NOT do?

conduct current

what is a weak electrolyte?

a non electrolyte in which the reaction goes both ways

Weak electrolytes partially dissociate or break up into their ions. Weak acids and weak bases are weak electrolytes.

what does it mean to when compounds dissociate?

they break down into individual elements

what is crossed out to get a net ionic equation?

spectator ions

define acid.

when in a solution, produces H+ ion in aqueous solution

define base.

when in solution, produces OH- ion in aqueous solution

what are the two ways ammonia can show up in an equation?

NH3 or NH4OH

what is a polyprotic acid?

more than one proton (H+)

what is low pH?

1-6
acid

what is high pH?

7-12
base

what is oxidation?

increase in oxidation state

what is reduction?

decrease in oxidation state?

what is a strong electrolyte?

strong electrolytes completely dissociate or break up into their ions. Soluble ionic solids, strong acids, and strong bases are all strong electrolytes.
conducts current

what is a non electrolyte?

Nonelectrolytes are unable to conduct an electrical current as they dissolve as molecules. Covalent compounds are nonelectrolytes.(C6H12O6)

what do acid-base neutralization reactions produce?

water and a salt (like NaCl)

what is H+ known as?

bare proton

what do bare protons normally associate with?

water molecules

what is H+ interchangeable with?

H3O+
hydronium ion

what is an example of a polyprotic acid?

H2SO4 diprotic acid

what is important to note about polyprotic acids?

they are strong in their first ionizable proton, but weak in the second
they dissociate several times based on the subscript of H (the proton)

what does the double sided half arrow in an equation mean?

rxns can be cyclical and work forwards and backwards
will still give a current, but will be weak
weak electrolyte
does not completely dissociate

when reading the activity series of metal table, what area is more reactive? which is less?

higher on table is more
lower on table is less

what does more reactive mean? what does less mean?

more likely to happen in nature; spontaneous
less likely to happen naturally