Unit 6: Cities and Urban Land-Use Patterns and Processes (copy)

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central place theory

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29 Terms

1

central place theory

all market areas are focused on a central settlement that is a place of exchange and service provision

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2

threshold

the minimum number of people required to support a business

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3

range

the maximum distance that people are willing to travel to gain access to a service

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4

agglomeration

exists when similar business activities are found in a local cluster

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5

resource nodes

towns and cities that were founded due to access to natural resources

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6

squatters

people who settle on land that they don’t own

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7

land invasion

squatters that generally settle a new area overnight with a large number of families to avoid retributions from landowners and local police

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8

land tenure

the legal right or title to the land upon which they build their homes

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9

micro districts

zones of uniform housing that provide worker housing near job sites

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10

suburbanization

the growth and spatial reorganization of contemporary city

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11

suburban sprawl

the expansion of housing, transportation, and commercial development to undeveloped land on the urban periphery

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12

counterurbanization

the movement of inner-city or suburban residents to rural areas to escape the congestion, crime, pollution, and other negative aspects of the urban landscape

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13

colonial cities

cities with origins as centers of colonial trade or administration are classified together

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14

fall-line cities

the ports that lay upstream on coastal rivers at the point where navigation was no longer possible by ocean-going ships

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15

fall-line

where a river’s tidal estuary transitions to an upland stream at the first set of river falls

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16

medieval cities

urban centers that predate the European Renaissance, roughly 1400 C.E.

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17

gateway cities

places where immigrants make their way into a country

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18

entrepôt

a port city in which goods are shipped in at one price and shipped out to other port locations at a higher price, resulting in profitable trade

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19

megacity

a metropolitan area with more than 10 million people

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20

megalopolis

the merging of the urbanized areas of two or more cities, generally through suburban growth and expansion

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21

world city

signifies a metropolitan area as a global center for finance, trade, and commerce

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22

primate city

when the largest city in a country has at least twice the population of the country’s next largest city

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23

rank-size rule

a country’s second largest city is half the size of its largest city; the third-largest city is one-third the size of the largest city; and so on, such that the eighth largest city is one-eighth the size of the largest city

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24

de facto segregation

where no law requiring ethnic or racial segregation exists, yet they nonetheless remain zones of separation

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25

redlining

designating neighborhoods on company maps where home mortgage and insurance applications would be automatically denied

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26

restrictive covenants

means of racial discrimination through the real estate system

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27

gentrification

the economic reinvestment in existing real estate

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28

bond levies

raise money by increasing property taxes

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29

brownfield remediation

a process in which hazardous contaminants are removed or sealed off from former industrial s

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