The Vertebrates Body

Vertebrates

group of animals found in KINGDOM ANIMALIA

Agnatha (Jawless Fish) Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous fish) Osteichyes (Bony Fish) Amphibian(amphibians) Reptilia (Reptiles) Aves (Birds) Mammalian(Mammals)

Seven classes within SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post anal tail

same common features of Vertebrates?

BRAIN as part of their CNS

vertebrates are the chordates that have this

BACKBONE (vertebral column)

partly encloses a spinal cord

SKULL

encloses the brain and usually two pairs of limbs

NERVES

extending from the spinal cord

BRAIN

permeate the skin, muscles, and internal organs

Protostomes & Deuterostomes

animals that possess BILATERAL SYMMETRY can be divided into two group, ? & ?

Deuterostomes

name translates as “second mouth”

Chordata & Echinodermata

two phyla of Deuterostomes

Echinoderms

are INVERTEBRATE marine animals that have PENTARADIAL SYMMETRY and a SPINY BODY COVERING

Chordata

consists two groups of invertebrate chordates, but the most conspicuous and familiar members of this are the vertebrates.

Notochord

develops into the vertebral column or spine: a series of bony vertebrae each separated by mobile discs

CNS

based on a hollow nerve tube that runs dorsal to the notochord along the length of the anomal

Gnathostomes

animals that posses jaws “jawed mouth” — include fishes and tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals)

Amniotes

are animals whose eggs are adapted for terrestrial living; the group includes mammals, reptiles and birds

Cyclostomes

includes two classes of living, jawless fishes (agnathous) Petromyzontiforme (lamprey eels) and Myxiniformes (hagfishes)

Chondrichthyes

sharks, rays and chimaerids. made of cartilage instead of bone — possess paired fins

Teleostome or Osteichththyian

those having an internal bony skeleton. has two subclasses Actinopterygii & Sarcopterygii

Actinoptegygii

ray finned fishes; common bony fishes of modern aquatic environments

Sarcopterygii

lobe finned fishes, supported by bone

Amphibians

widespread in the warmer parts of the continents being absent only in the far north and in the Antarctic. are cold blooded and tend to be aquatic or limited to moist surroundings. usually trap food using a tongue or mouth. have retained a simple egg cell with a gelatinous cover. The eggs are laid in ponds, streams, or even in damp places high in trees. Fertilized eggs develop into free swimming larvae

Reptilia

retains many of the structural characteristics of the ancestral Amphibian. most of this are carnivorous, some are herbivorous; cold blooded tend to be limited to temperature and tropical areas but where found they are relatively common. most are terrestrial but a few are aquatic. EVOLVED FROM AMPHIBIANS

Birds

warm blooded, most are capable of flight, others are sedentary and some are flightless. 4 chambered heart - use tail for intimacy

Mammals

are terrestrial, feeding on both animal and vegetable matter.

Subdivisions of subphylum Vertebrata

Agnatha and Gnathostomata

Hepatic Portal System

system of veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the liver for detoxification. they are all present in all vertebrates

Gills, skin and lungs

use for respiration?

Living Endoskeleton

Internal skeleton that grows with the animal

Jawless fishes or agnathans

craniates that represent an ancient vertebrate lineage — without jaws. branches are hagfishes and lampreys

Lampreys

lack paired appendages, however develop some vertebral elements as an adult, their cartilaginous structured called an ARCUALIA

Hagfishes

eel like scavengers that live on the ocean floor and feed on dead invertebrates.

Ampullae of Lorenzini

enables shark to detect the electromagnetic fields that are produced by all living things, including their prey

Osteichthyes: Bony Fishes

bony skeleton, maintain a calcium phospahte matrix, skins are covered by overlapping scales — have a lateral line system — use gills for gas exchange

Erythrocytes

mature red blood cells