world religion: Confucianism

Who was Confucius?

Kong Fuzi, or “master Kong”, a Chinese teacher and thinker whose teachings shaped Confucianism.

Where did Confucianism originate?

China. The tradition is named after Confucius.

What are the Analects?

A collection of sayings and conversations associated with Confucius and his followers.

What are the four books and five classics?

Important collections of Confucian learning. The four books include the analects and Mencius; the five classics are older works studied in the Confucian tradition.

What does Tian mean in Confucianism?

“Heaven”, understood in various ways as a higher power, moral order, or source of authority. Confucianism is not easily reduced to a single theistic category.

What are Ren?

Humanness or benevolence

What are li?

Proper conduct, ritual, or social etiquette.

What are Xiao?

Filial piety, or respect and care parents and ancestors.

What is the goal of Confucian self-cultivation?

To develop virtue, become a morally exemplary person, and contribute to a harmonious family and society.

What are classical Confucianism?

Centers on early teachings about ethics and society.

What are Neo-Confucianism?

Later revival and development that incorporated additional metaphysical ideas, especially during the Song dynasty.

What practices and places are associated with confucianism?

Study, moral self-cultivation, ritual propriety, and honoring ancestors. Confucius temples and ancestral halls are important ceremonial places.

What is the significance honoring Confucius and ancestors.

They express respect for teachers, learning, family relationships, and continuity between generations. Some are commemorative or cultural as well as religious.