Ch. 7

Mole (mol)

Counting unit for particles

• 6.02 × 10²³ (Avogadro’s number)

subscript

Molar mass

• ATOMIC mass expressed in GRAMS (g/mol)

• mass of one mole of an element

atomic / molar mass

indicates what

heat is used to start the reaction

(aq) meaning

aqueous (dissolved in water)

A chemical equation is balanced using

COEFFICIENTS

• NEVER change subscripts

Combination reactions

decomposition reactions

Single replacement reaction

Double replacement reaction

What happens in a combustion reaction

carbon containing compound burns in oxygen gas to CARBON OXIDE and WATER

• energy is released as HEAT

complete combustion reaction

• sufficient oxygen supply (carbon DIoxide)

Incomplete combustion reaction

• limited oxygen supply (carbon MONOxide)

combination reaction

single replacement reaction

combustion reaction

double replacement reaction

decomposition reaction

What happens in an oxidation-reduction (REDOX) reaction?

electrons are transferred from one substance to another

Oxidation

LOSS of electrons (charge becomes more POSITIVE)

Reduction

GAIN of electrons (charge becomes more NEGATIVE)

Oil Rig

oxidation is LOSS, reduction is GAIN

If the element is oxidized, it is the ________ agent

REDUCING

If the element is reduced, it is the _________ agent

OXIDIZING

Oxidation reaction

Reduction reaction

Reduction reaction

Which reactant is oxidized

Cl

Which reactant is reduced

Ag

Oxidation characteristics

• electron LOSS

• hydrogen atom LOSS

• oxygen GAIN

Reduction characteristics

• electron GAIN

• hydrogen atom GAIN

• oxygen LOSS

Molar Ratio

ratio of moles for any 2 substances in equation

• conversion factor

What are the 3 conditions for a reaction to occur

1. collision

2. orientation

3. energy

Exothermic reaction

heat is a PRODUCT

Endothermic reaction

heat is a REACTANT

exothermic

endothermic

exothermic

Reaction rate

the SPEED at which a product forms

When does the reaction rate increase

• when temp rises

• when concentration increases

• when there’s a catalyst

Catalyst

• increases reaction rate

• lowers activation energy

• not used up in reaction