protestant reformation SAQ

motivations behind protestant reformation

- End corruption in the church

- German princes wanted to gain power by protecting Luther

- challenge the economic hold church had over society

- Renaissance

how did protestant reformation change politically religiously and socially

politically- German princes saw it as a way to increase power

religious - piety

socially- peasants revolt in Germany, anabaptists let woman preach, literacy and vernacular bibles were a source of education

military conflicts of the protestant reformation

- St. Bartholomew's day massacre

- 30 years war, schamaladik wars

How did the war turn from religious to political

Peace of Augsburg-

France's role in the 30 yrs war- France sided with Protestants to keep balance of power from Hapsburgs

POW- established the POA again but this time excepted calvinism

Edict of Nantes- Henry IV changed to Catholicism, but still granted religious freedom

POW

ENDED 30 YEARS WAR

- balance of power

- new territory

- religious tolerance for all

- no interference from outside countries in internal affairs

Edict of Nantes

Henry IV who was the first bourbon king of France granted religious tolerance to protestants for political centralization

explain mannerism and baroque art

mannerism- dramatic, elongated figures, intense lighting, contorted exaggerated

it was patroned by the church

baroque art- grand, loud, beautiful, attempted to attract people back to church

how was fear/ social order installed

-witch executions

- Henry vIII treason act

- inquisitons

elizabethan statement

- she made the Church of England protestant with catholic hierarchy to make both sides compromise

machiavelli also said" be a lion and a fox"

lion - brute force and strength

fox- cunning strategies

How did Louis XIV become an absolute monarchists

- versallies

- revocation of edict of Nantes

- Thomas Hobbes leviathan explains a need for an absolute monarch

- indenandt system

- watching the fronde as a child

Peter the great

- copied western culture, beard tax, created winter palace

- reorganized Russian Orthodox Church, he was now the head

- however he still taxed the nobility and kept feudal system

how did the English civil war and glorious revolution establish constitutional monarchy

- Oliver Cromwell who one can consider and absolute monarch proved to not work

- the puritans would not allow Church of England to become ruler of England

- James II and Charles II exertion of power was not tolerated

- Bill of Rights

- John Locke's two treatise's of government explain why constitutional government is good

why was the dutch republic (Netherlands) a constitutional

- William of orange

- just received independence from Hapsburg monarchy and would not like to go back

- religious tolerance among its people, so they do not want to be controlled by a rule who would suppress that

- rising middle class because of their economic establishments, this would be hard under a monarch

how was the balance of power kept through wars

- Battle of Vienna

- War of Spanish Succession