Human Sexuality Exam 3

autoeroticism

sexual activities involving only the self

autoerotic fantasies

nearly universal, quite frequent 94% of college men 76% of college women think about sex at least once a day, associated w increased sex drive and sex higher satisfaction, dreams

is considered a safe way of having curiosity and doesnt mean you want to do something (all men and 2/3 of women report having explicitly sexual dreams) (nocturnal orgasm 8% of men and 2-3% of women)

masturbation rates and reasons

self stimulation of genitals for the purpose of sexual gratification, gender matters, men more likely and with greater frequency, ethnicity, religion, level of education (particularly increases frequency) due to learning what is pleaseing, sexual relief

mutual masturbation helps avoid pregnancy and STI and helps cope with differing sex drives

cunnilingus

oral sex on female genitals

fellatio

oral sex on male genitals

rates of oral sex

adults today report engaging in oral sex at least once, 2/3 of college students report last sexual encounter having oral sex

attitudes of oral sex and generational effect

oral sex important for teens, older adults look down on it

attitudes of oral sex and gender effect

activity (men receive more than women), men report more pleasure in giving and recieving

genital sex

basis for emotional expression in intimacy especially for heterosexual couple, frequency dropping (more single adults, less marriage and later), more frequent sex does not increase happiness or quality

Face to face advantages

A: couples facing each other, good for kissing, talking, touching

face to face insertive partner above A and D

“missionary”, A: right way, most comfortable socially, man has maximum movement and control, woman has freedom to stimulate her clitoris, effective for contraception D: difficult for man to stimulate parter, can be difficult for man to delay orgasm because highly stimulating, weight bearing issue, can have man stand and woman on edge of bed

variation include different leg postions of woman,

face to face receptive partner above A and D

A: woman has maximum movement and control (depth of penetration), full frontal contact, less stimulating for man and can delay ejaculation

D:not good for conception (gravity), caution, really careful to not lean too far back can rupture the penis

side by side facing A and D

A:maximum movement and contact, no weight bearing, comfortable during pregnancy D:intromission (penetration) difficult, not as stimulating as others

standing facing A and D

A: alternatie settings D: intromission difficult with heights

rear entry kneeling

man behind woman on all fours

rear entry side by side

spooning

rear entry lying down

woman on stomach or man reclines and woman on top but facing away

A and D of all rear entry

A mans hands are free besides lying down, really good for late pregnancy besides laying down, effective for contraception minus woman on top

D woman minimal stimulation because clitoris facing away and weight of man on waman, facing away so no intimacy

anal eroticism

sexual activites w anus and perineum, sensitive to stimulation, caution: anal membranes delicate and easily damaged, lubrication essential, bacteria in anus that can make us sick, anything inserted cleaned or thrown away

analigus

licking or kissing the anus, “rimming/tossing salad” high potential to spread disease, several sharable diseases (HIV), dental dam helps prevent transmission, hygiene required

manual anal stimulation

anal finger stimulation can range from little to whole fist

anal intercourse

penis in anus, no natural lubricaiotn, prevelant in gay men, but 40% of heterosexuals have done it but only 10% in the last year

warning: anal sex is #1 HIV transmitter because rectal tissue is delicate so blood and semen can get in, rectal tissue has a lot of CD4 cells which HIV targets, receptive partner high risk, only do it if both partners have been tested or always condom

Hatfield and others, love bridge experiment

Theory of Love; idea of being love sick or obsessed, passionate love, love bridge experiment is where there was a deep gorge and a bridge they had to cross with ropes and a stable low bridge at the bottom, reseracher gave phone number if they had any questions and wanted to see which men reached out; only 13% called from the low bridge and 50% did from the high bridge because labeled arouseal as attraction, didnt find any difference with unattractive woman

preconditions for passionate love (have to be there)

Hatfield and others, expectations for love (ideas promoted by culture, fits with norms ex. relatives asking about dating during college

presence of an appropriate person (has to be someone who is an appropriate match ex. no options at an all boys school if your straight

physical arousal (and interpret it as love and connection)

styles of love (lee)

theory of love; our love style needs to match our partner

eros

style of love Lee; romantic love, attracted to beauty, fascinated with other person, you love bien around them, intense but fades quickly

mania

style of love Lee; obsessive, always thinking about them, need them to be around, roller coaster of highs and lows

ludus

style of love Lee; playful love, love is just a game to be played and won, love the chase and winning, not serious just casual

pragma

style of love Lee; practical, logical, business like, list of traits and fit that

storge

style of love Lee; slow love, deepens friendship and adds romantic component, not a lot of ups and downs

agape

style of love Lee; altruistic love, unselfish, unconditional, patient, nothing they do will make you stop loving them (debate if humans can do this) parent to child type love or God for his children

women vs. men style of love Lee

women: storge, agape, pagma, higher than men, men: ludus

sternburg triangular theory of love

passion (intense arousal and excitement), commitment (committed and decision to maintain over time) intimacy (warmth, closeness, self-disclosure, emotional component)

varieties of love

which components

nonlove

none of the components, acquaintances in class

liking

only intimacy, closeness and warmth, like a friend, no commitment or sexual attraction

infatuation

passion only, sexual attraction, shallow emotional arousal but no commitment or intimacy ex. daugther obsessed w harry styles

empty love

commitment only and no emotional or sexual connection, ex. old couple with no flame or sibling relationship

romantic love

passion and intimacy but no commitment ex. new dating relationship with no commitment yet, a fling

fatuous love

passion and commitment and no intimacy, worlwind love getting married after 2 months, doesnt usually last because dont know each other

companionate love

intimacy and commitment but not passion, ex. a good sibling or a parent, marriage with flame out but still companions

consummate love

passion, intimacy, and commitment, hard to maintain but complete

pattern of relationships and degree of match

attachment theory of love

adult attachment styles, usually infant child

secure attachment

easily form close relationships with other poeple, have greater satisfaction and commitment in relationships (55% were set up with good parent relationships)

anxious/ambivalent attachment

20% want to be close but scared of leaving, jealous, suspicious

dismissal avoidant attachment

dependance is weakness

fearful avoidant attachment

scared of being intimate and getting hurt

jealousy

boundry marker, determines behavior in and out of relationship, ex. platonic friend at a strip club vs a boyfriend, jealousy used as emotional attachment indicator (31% of women and 17% of men have intentionally tried to make their partner jealous) gender differences choose more jealous emotional affair women vs physical men

keys to good communication

self disclosure, trust, feedback

self disclosure

share thoughts and feelings with another person (how we get to know other people) needs to be reciprocal, gender difference women more comfortable with emotional talk then men

trust

belief in reliability and integrity of another person, this is primary characteristic of love critical 1. self disclosure requires trust 2. trust influences how we interpret ambiguous messages from partner

feedback

ongoing process of clarifying messages, important to clarify dont assume you knwo constructive feedback is good and can help clarify (dont criticize, avoid you statements use I statements)

Gottmans research

READ in book

in the US nearly ____ of all births are unintended; what is the best contraception method

half (75% for teens); the one you will use consistently

theoretical vs. user effectiveness

theoretical is how well it would work when used perfectly but user is actual use

abstinence

not having any sexual contact that will put you at risk for STI or pregnancy 100% effectiveness, advantages: no medical or hormonal side effects problems: offers no protection once someone is sexually active, cost is free

fertility awareness based methods FAM

charting a womans cycle and detecting physical changes to see which days pregnancy is possible

symptothermal methods, fertility awareness method

most effective when used together, checking basal body temp daily, cervical mucus daily (ovulation method), recording menstrual cycle on calendar

effectiveness: 76-95%, no protection from STIs

advantages: no medical or hormonal side effects, calenars, charts and thermometers easy to purchase

disadvantages: requires research and professional training to be done right, 34% unintended pregnancy rate in first year, record keeping must be exact, body temp changes based on sleep and sickness, cannot use with irregular periods or temp patterns

cost: price of supplies, health classes for free often in churches and health centers

withdrawal

when a man removes penis before ejaculation 80% effective no protection from stis

advantages: can be used when no other method is available

problems: requires self control and trust, experience, not for men who ejaculate prematurely, not recommended for sexually inexperienced men

free

external male condoms

cover the penis with a sheath before intercourse to keep sperm from egg and also prevent skin contact and fluids so STI decrease, may be made of latex, polyurthane, or animal tissue (some have spermicide which apparently kills sperm but research shows no additional benefit and irritates skin and increases HIV transmission)

external male condoms advantages, disadvantages, effectiveness, cost

87-98% effective latex or plastic can be good sti protection

advantages: easy to buy, can be used with other methods to reduce infection risk, may prevent premature ejaculation, can make into dental dam for oral sex w women

disadvantages: uncooperative partner, interruption of activities (on and off when erect), latex allergies, loss of sensation, breakage, latex ones $1 each $3 fancy, polyisoprene $4 and poly urithane $3

internal (female) condom

inserted deep inside vagina and work in the same way as male condom does prevent pregnancy and STIs, used for both vaginal and anal, dont use external and internal together

internal female condom As Ds cost, effectiveness

79-95% effective and protects from STI, A: easy to buy, can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse, erection not necessary to keep in place, external ring may stimulate clitoris D:may slip into vagina during intercourse, may be difficult to insert, $4 each

diapragms and cervical caps

shallow latex cups that are inserted to cover the cervix, clinicians will initially fit eh diaphragm to a womans body and show patient how to coat teh diaphragm with spermicide to increase effectiveness

A and D and effectiveness, cost for diaphragm and cervical cap

diaphragm effectiveness 83-94%, cervical cap not delivered vaginally 85-91%, delivered vaginally 70-80%

a: no major health concearns, can be inserted for a couple of hours, can last several years (diaphragm replace every year)

d: should not be used during vaginal bleeding or infection, increased bladder infection risk, should be left in at least 6 hours after intercourse (D up to 24, C 48), difficult to use, requires prescription

cost: 60-75 for actual thing, 50-125 for exam, 4-8 for spermaticide

sponge

round polyurthane sponge about 2 inches in diameter that has a pouch in the center that fits over the cervix, filled w spermaticide, should also use external condom for sti protection

sponge effectiveness A and D and cost

94% perfect use not vaginally delivered, 80% vagianlly delivered and typical use

A no major health concearns, can be insrted up to 24 hours before, can be used repeatedly, no prescription

D not during vaginal bleeding or infection, one size fits all, leave in place for 6 hours after

cost 3-5

Intrauterine device IUD or Intrauterine contraceptive IUC

small plastic T that is placed inside the uterus by a clinican may be copper or. hormone progestin that work in several ways, interfere with movement of sperm and egg to prevent contraception

IUD effectiveness, cost, A and D

effectiveness 98-99%

A intercourse may be spontaneous, copper can be in place for 10 years, hormonal may reduce menstrual cramps and can be in place for 3-6 years, quick return to fertility, recommended for teens

D increased cramping, spotting between periods, heavier longer periods at first then goes away

cost 300-1000 for exam, insertion, and follow up visit

oral contraceptive

prescribed by clinician and come in many different forms. Pills taken once per day same time every day, one pill pack is a month, combo pills have estrogen and progestin, combo pills prevent ovulation, both thicken cervical mucus to keep sperm from joining egg, pth types also prevent egg if fertilized from implanting (thins lining), inhibits capacitation of sperm and disrupts eggs transport

oral contraceptive A, D, effectiveness, and cost

91-99.7% effective, try to take same time every day if missed take pill ASAP, 2 cannot be trusted

A: spontaneous intercourse, regular menstruation, cramps, acne, iron deficiency, protects against endometrial and cervical cancers, PID, breast growth, ovarian cysts, osteoporosis and arthritis, fewer tubal pregnancies

D:daily taken, rare but serious health risks blood clots heart attack stroke, temporary irregular bleeding, weight gain or loss, other meds reduce effectivenes

25-55 per pack

newer oral contraceptives

• extended cycle (not monthly period)

• over the counter

• only once a month pill

depo-provera

hormonal injection that is given 12-13 weeks starts working quickly

depo provera effectiveness, A and D, cost

94-99.8% effectiveness, A: protects against pregnancy for 3 months, reduces menstrual cramps, half of women stop menstruating compeltely after a year, can be used by women who cant take orals, endometrial cancer and anemia protection, can be used while breast feeding D:return to fertility several months (6-10), irregular bleeding, weight gain, headaches, depression, abdominal pain,

250-400 per year

orthoevra patch

small hormonal patch changed once a week, worn in four places butt, stomach, shoulder, outer arm

ortho evra patch effectiveness, A and D, cost

91-99% effective

A: each patch pregnancy protection for a week, protects against ovarian and endometrial cancers, PID, cysts, osteoporosis, fertility returns quickly

D:if comes loose or falls off have to replace in 24 hours, must change once a week, risk of heart attack or stroke

cost 35-80 a month

nuva ring

small flexible rign inserted inot teh vagina once a month stays in for 3 weeks then take out and throw away, position doesnt matter neither partner feels it

nuva ring A and D, cost , effectiveness

91-99% effective, A: protects for 1 month, no fitting necessary, lower dose of estrogen, consistent relase of hormones so woman has more control over fertility, protects against usual things

D:if its slips out replace within 3 hours, higher risk of blood clots due to desogesterel, meds reduce effectiveness

30-80 a month

nuva ring newer developments

annovera is a reusable ring for up to one year

implants

one cylindrical capsule placed in arm, constantly releases progestin that prevents ovulation and thickens mucus

impant effectivness, cost, A and D

99.95% effective, A: protect for up to 4 years, no daily pill, can use with breast feding, no estrogen so can use if cant use pill D:irregular bleeding and other discomforts, possible scarring at insertion point, possibility that implants visible, more likely to be ectopic pregnancy althougth less than 1%

cost 400-1000 insertion and 75-150 removal

sterilization

laparoscopy for women and vasectomy for men, block tubes which transport eggs and sperm and is permanent

sterilization effectiveness, A and D, cost

99.9-100% effective, A:permanent protection, no lasting side effects, no effect on sexual pleasure D:mild beeding or infection after operation, regret permanency of decision

cost 2000-6000 for women, 350-1000 for men

emergency contraception pill

works up to 72 hours after, sooner the better, high levels of progestin reduces change of pregnancy by 87%, nausea, vominting, cramping common side effects, not abortion pill

emergency IUD insertion

prevents implantation if used within 5 days and is 99% effective, no prescription and age 17 and older and left in place for up to 10 years

intercourse

missionary is best for conception, and any position dont have semen flow out, 15-20 mins even prop up a pillow, timing is most important, want day 14 egg and sperm limited survival (12-48 hours) egg 12-24, so like 12-48 hour window

sperm in epididimys

cant fertilize, activated by chemicals in womens body

capacitation

activation by chemicals in womens body and allow it to fertilize ovum (acrosome thins out so can puncture egg w chemical (6-8 hrs to reach egg)

survival rate sperm

200-400 million and brutal process choosing correct fallopian tube 200 and then actually making it to egg 2 dozen

conception

60-90 mins to actually fertilize and break egg, in fallopian tube only 1 sperm, chromosomes join to 23 pairs for new person

infertility

trying for a year, dont need to wait for treatment, charting everything is important and ready with data 35+ 6 mo diagnosis

rates of infertility

3 decades infertility tripled 1/6 couples struggle 1/3 from female 1/3 male 1/3 both

most common causes infertility

age more dramatic for women9.2% under age 30 34% above 30, men muhc less dramatic