Module 3 – Body Systems: Nervous System, Endocrine System, Eye and Ear

Vocabulary flashcards covering medical terminology, anatomical structures, diagnostic abbreviations, and pathological conditions of the nervous system, endocrine system, eye, and ear.

Hemiplegia

Paralysis of half of the body; either the right or left side of the body.

Paraplegia

Paralysis of the lower part of the body and legs.

Quadraplegia

Paralysis of all four limbs.

Types of Paralysis

Paralytic conditions categorized by the affected region: quadriplegia involves all four limbs, paraplegia involves the lower part of the body and legs, and hemiplegia involves one half (right or left side) of the body.

ADL’s

Activities of daily living.

CNS

Central nervous system.

CSF

Cerebrospinal fluid.

CT scan

Computed tomography scan.

EEG

Electroencephalogram; electroencephalography.

LP

Lumbar puncture.

Ca+

Calcium.

FBS

Fasting blood sugar.

GH

Growth hormone.

K+

Potassium.

Na+

Sodium.

Mydriatic

A medication that causes the pupils of the eyes to dilate; derived from mydri/o meaning dilation, dilatation, or wide.

Miotic

A medication that causes the pupils of the eyes to constrict; derived from mi/o meaning contraction or less.

-opia

Suffix meaning vision.

Amblyopia

Dimness of vision.

Diplopia

Double vision.

Presbyopia

Old age vision.

Refraction

Bending of light to focus on the retina.

Errors of Refraction

Errors in the bending of light rays such that they do not focus correctly on the retina.

Hyperopia

Farsightedness; a refractive condition where only far away objects can be seen clearly because the light rays focus behind the retina.

Myopia

Nearsightedness; a refractive condition where only near objects can be seen clearly because the light rays focus in front of the retina.

Astigmatism

Blurred vision due to abnormal curvature of the cornea where light rays do not reach a point of focus.

PERRLA

Pupils equal, round, react to light, and accommodation.

Presbycusis

Diminished hearing due to old age.

Auditory Pathway

The pathway of sound: collected by the external ear (pinna), sent through the external auditory canal to the tympanic membrane, converted to vibrations across the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes), transferred via the oval window to fluid and nerve endings in the cochlea, and sent as electrical impulses via the eighth cranial nerve (auditory nerve) to the brain.

EENT

Ear, eye, nose, and throat.

T&A

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.