Chapter 7: Modern Atomic Theory

What is Planck’s Equation?

what is h

h is Planck’s constant which stands for (6.26 × 10^-34)

what is

This is the greek letter nu, which represents frequency

what is the symbol

this is the symbol for the speed of light (2.9979 × 10^8 m/s)

How are wavelength and frequency related?

They form an inverse relationship meaning, if one goes up the other goes down.

True or false: higher frequency=higher photon energy

TRUE

which color has the longest wavelength?

Red, which means it has the lowest frequency and the least amount of energy

which color has the shortest wavelength?

Violet, which means it has the highest frequency and the highest energy.

What is wavelength?

the distance between two consecutive corresponding points of a wave

What is the symbol for wavelength?

The symbol for wavelength is the lowercase Greek Letter lambda

What is a photon?

A tiny, massless particle of light and electromagnetic energy.

Electromagnetic energy

A form of energy that travels through space or a medium material as oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

What are two forms of electromagnetic radiation?

electromagnetic waves and as discrete packets of energy called photons

The principal quantum number indicates what property of an electron?

The energy level

What is wave-particle duality?

The idea that electromagnetic radiation behaves both as a wave and a photon.

What does the principle quantum number indicate?

The principal quantum number is the large number before the orbital letter.

• In 1s, the principal quantum number is 1.

• In 2p, it is 2.

• In 3d, it is 3.

• It tells you the electron's main energy level and gives you an idea of the orbital's size.

True or False: the larger the principal quantum number, the farther the electron is generally found from the nucleus and the higher its energy

TRUE

What is the shape of a 3p orbital?

A dumbell

What does the letter tell you about an orbital?

Its shape

True or false: Every sublevel has a fixed number of orbitals

TRUE

What is the maximum number of orbitals in the P sublevel?

A p sublevel contains 3 orbitals

You can picture them as three dumbbells pointing in different directions

Each orbital can hold two electrons, so: 3 × 2= 6

Who proposed wave-particle duality?

Louis de Broglie

What is the quantum mechanical model of the atom?

The quantum mechanical model is the modern description of an atom where electrons are treated as matter waves rather than tiny particles traveling in fixed circular paths.